Ányos Jedlik

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Ányos Jedlik
Ányos Jedlik
Ányos Jedlik
Born January 11, 1800
Szímő, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire
Died December 13, 1895
Győr, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary
Citizenship Hungarian
Nationality Hungarian
Ethnicity Hungarian
Fields inventor, engineer, physicist
Known for Dynamo

Ányos Jedlik (Hungarian Jedlik István Ányos; Slovak Štefan Anián Jedlík) (January 11, 1800 – December 13, 1895) was an inventor, engineer, physicist, Roman Catholic priest, member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and author of several books. He is considered to be the Unsung Father of the Dynamo and Electric Motor.

Main article: Jedlik's dynamo

Contents

Life

He was born in Szimő, Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (today Zemné, Slovakia). He was Hungarian 123456789101112 or Slovak 131415161718; both nations claim him as one of their great inventors.

Jedlik's education began at high schools in Nagyszombat (today Trnava) and Pozsony (today Bratislava). In 1817 he became a Benedictine and from that time continued his studies at the schools of that order. He lectured at Benedictine schools up to 1839, then for 40 years at the Budapest University of Sciences department of physics-mechanics. Only few guessed at that time that his beneficial activities would play an important part in bringing up a new generation of physicists.

Jedlik's electric motor of 1828. The World's first electric motor
Ányos Jedlik (drawing)
Jedlik's electric car model in 1828


In 1845 he began teaching his pupils in Hungarian instead of Latin. Through his textbook he is regarded as one of the establishers of Hungarian vocabulary in physics. He became the dean of the faculty of arts in 1848, and by 1863 he was rector of the University. From 1858 he was a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and from 1873 an honorary member. He preceded his contemporaries in his scientific work, but he did not speak about his most important invention, his prototype dynamo, until 1856; it was not until 1861 that he mentioned it in writing in a list of inventory of the university. Although that document might serve as a proof of Jedlik's status as the originator, the invention of the dynamo is linked to Siemens' name because Jedlik's invention did not rise to notice at that time.

In 1827, he started experimenting with electromagnetic rotating devices which he called lightning-magnetic self-rotor. In the prototype both the stationary and the revolving parts were electromagnetic. In 1873 at the World's Fair in Vienna he demonstrated his lighting conductor.

After his retirement he continued working and spent his last years in complete seclusion at the priory in Győr, the Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary where he died.


Acclaim

Ányos Jedlik's best known invention is the principle of 'self-excitement'. With the single pole electric starter, he formulated the concept of the dynamo at least 6 years prior to Siemens and Wheatstone. In essence the concept is that instead of permanent magnets, two electromagnets opposite each other induce the magnetic field around the rotor.

As one side of the coil passes in front of the north pole, crossing the line of force, current is thus induced. As the frame rotates further the current diminishes, then arriving at the front of the south pole it rises again but flows in the opposite direction. The frame is connected to a commutator, thus the current always flows in the same direction in the external circuit.

References

  1. ^ "Hungarian Cultural Contributions". Lél F. Somogyi at the Cleveland State University. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
  2. ^ "Made in Hungary: Hungarian Contributions to Universal Culture". Andrew L. Simon. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
  3. ^ "From the itinerant lecturers of the 18th century to popularizing physics in the 21st century - exploring the relationship between learning and entertainment". Conference sponsored by the University of Oldenburg, Deutsches Museum, University of Winnipeg. Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
  4. ^ "Jedlik Ányos István" (in Hungarian). Hungarian Biographical Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
  5. ^ "Life and work of Ányos Jedlik" (in Hungarian). Bio at Jedlik Ányos High School, Budapest, Hungary. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
  6. ^ "Ányos Jedlik's village of birth" (in Hungarian). Jedlik Ányos High School of Machinery and Computer Science, Győr, Hungary. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
  7. ^ "Jedlik Ányos István, biography" (in Hungarian). University of Szeged. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
  8. ^ "1000 years of Pannonhalma" (in Hungarian). Gyula Radnai. Retrieved on 2008-02-16.
  9. ^ http://www.mszh.hu/feltalalok/jedlik.html; Hungarian inventors (in Hungarian)
  10. ^ http://www.feltalaloink.hu/tudosok/jedlikanyos/html/jedanyindex.htm; Our world famous inventors (in Hungarian)
  11. ^ Károly Simonyi: History of the Hungarianphysic
  12. ^ http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Hungary-FAMOUS-HUNGARIANS.html; Nationsencyclopedia (in English)
  13. ^ "Czech and Slovak History: An American Bibliography".
  14. ^ Tibenský, Ján (1979). Dejiny vedy a techniky na Slovensku. Bratislava: Osveta. 
  15. ^ "Jedlík, Štefan Anián". Encyklopédia Slovenska. 2. Bratislava: Veda. 1978. 
  16. ^ "Jedlík Štefan Anián". Energetický slovník. Jaslovské Bohunice: Jadrová a vyraďovacia spoločnosť, a.s.. http://www.javys.sk/sk/index.php?page=energeticky-slovnik/J/2920. Retrieved on 17 February 2008. 
  17. ^ "Štefan Anián Jedlík" (in Slovak). Retrieved on 2008-02-17.
  18. ^ Damborák, Marián. "Slovenskí vynálezcovia" (DOC). Retrieved on 2008-02-17.

External links

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  • This page was last modified on 3 January 2009, at 20:10.

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