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Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1833

• January 23 - Britain retakes the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.
• March 4 - Andrew Jackson is sworn in for his second term as President of the United States.
• May 6 - Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber obtain permission to build an electromagnetic telegraph in Göttingen.
• May 13 - The Finnish parliament unsuccessfully attempts to pass a bill including a reindeer on its national postage stamp.
• June 5 - Ada Lovelace is introduced to Charles Babbage by Mary Somerville. In this year, for the first time, Babbage describes his analytical engine.
• June 29 - William Fraser Tolmie experiences an earthquake at Fort Nisqually. His journal entry records the first written eyewitness account of an earthquake in the Puget Sound region.
• July 5 - Liberal Wars - Battle of Cape St. Vincent: The forces of Queen Maria II of Portugal win decisively.

The Last Day of Pompeii was first exhibited in 1833.

• August - The British Parliament passes the Slavery Abolition Act, giving all slaves in the British Empire their freedom (enacted 1834).
• August 1 - King William's College on the Isle of Man officially opens.
• August 12 - The city of Chicago is established at the estuary of the Chicago river by 350 settlers.
• August 20 - Future United States President Benjamin Harrison is born in Ohio. From this date until the death of Former U.S. President James Madison on June 28, 1836, there are a total of 19 Presidents of the United States (3 former, 1 current, and 15 known future) living; which is more than any other time period in U.S. history.
• August 29 - The British Parliament enacts the Factory Acts limiting child labour (see also History of the United Kingdom).
• September 29 - Three-year old Isabella II becomes Queen of Spain, under the regency of her mother, Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. Her uncle Don Carlos, Conde de Molina challenges her claim, beginning the First Carlist War.
• November 12-13 - Stars Fell on Alabama: A spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed in Alabama.
• November 25 - A major 8.7 earthquake strikes Sumatra.
• December 14 - Kaspar Hauser, a mysterious German youth, is shot, dying three days later on December 17.

Undated

• The dawn of biochemistry: The first enzyme, diastase, is discovered by Anselme Payen.
• Greece recaptures the Acropolis.
• H.R.H. Prince Mongkut of Siam founds the Dhammayut Buddhist reform movement.
• Foundation of:
  • Kalamazoo College in Kalamazoo, Michigan
  • Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio

Ongoing

• Belgian Revolution (1830-1839)
• Padri War (1821-1837)

Births

• January 1 - Robert Lawson, New Zealand architect (d. 1902)
• January 2 - Frederick A. Johnson, American politician (d. 1893)
• February 11 - Melville Weston Fuller, 8th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (d. 1910)
• February 19 - Élie Ducommun, Swiss journalist and activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1906)
• February 25 - John St. John, American temperance movement leader (d. 1916)
• February 28 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (d. 1913)
• May 7 - Johannes Brahms, German composer (d. 1897)
• July 27 - Thomas George Bonney, English geologist (d. 1923)
• August 3 - Auguste Schmidt, German educator and womans' rights activist
• August 20 - Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President of the United States (d. 1901)
• September 20 - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1918)
• October 2 - William Corby, American Catholic priest (d. 1897)
• October 21 - Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor of dynamite, creator of the Nobel Prize (d. 1896)
• November 6 - Jonas Lie, Norwegian author (d. 1908)
• November 9 - Émile Gaboriau, French writer (d. 1873)
• November 12 - Alexander Borodin, Russian composer (d. 1887)
• December 6 - Thaddeus C. Pound, American businessman and politician (d. 1914)

Deaths

• January 10 - Adrien-Marie Legendre, French mathematician (b. 1752)
• January 16 - Banastre Tarleton, British general and politician
• January 23 - Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, British admiral (b. 1757)
• April 7 - Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (b. 1775)
• April 22 - Richard Trevithick, English inventor (b. 1771)
• May 15 - Edmund Kean, British actor (b. 1787)
• June 2 - Simon Byrne, Irish prize fighter (b. 1806)
• July 2 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Argentine leader (b. 1757)
• July 5 - Nicéphore Niépce, French photography pioneer (b. 1765)
• July 20 - Ninian Edwards - Governor of Illinois and Senator from Illinois (b. 1775)
• July 29 - William Wilberforce - British Politican and Abolitionist (b. 1759)
• September 27 - Roy, Ram Mohan, Hindu reformer (b. 1772)
• September 29 - King Ferdinand VII of Spain (b. 1784)
• October 16 - Andrei Bolotov, Russian agriculturalist and memoirist (b. 1738)
• November 23 - Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, French marshal (b. 1762)

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