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| Places of articulation |
|---|
|
• Labial |
| Bilabial |
| Labial-velar |
| Labial-alveolar |
| Labiodental |
|
• Bidental |
|
• Coronal |
| Linguolabial |
| Interdental |
| Dental |
| Denti-alveolar |
| Alveolar |
| Apical |
| Laminal |
| Postalveolar |
| Alveolo-palatal |
| Retroflex |
|
• Dorsal |
| Palatal |
| Labial-palatal |
| Velar |
| Uvular |
| Uvular-epiglottal |
|
• Radical |
| Pharyngeal |
| Epiglotto-pharyngeal |
| Epiglottal |
|
• Glottal |
|
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|
|
Coronal consonants are articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue. Only the coronal consonants can be divided into apical (using the tongue tip), laminal (using the tongue blade), domed (with the tongue bunched up), or sub-apical (with the tongue curled back), as well as a few rarer orientations, because only the front of the tongue has such dexterity. Coronals also have another dimension, grooved, that is used to make sibilants in combination with the orientations above.
Coronal places of articulation include the dental consonants at the upper teeth, the alveolar consonants at the upper gum (the alveolar ridge), the various postalveolar consonants (domed palato-alveolar, laminal alveolo-palatal, and apical retroflex) just behind that, and the true retroflex consonants curled back against the hard palate.
(The list below is missing linguolabial, alveolo-palatal and retroflex consonants)
| IPA Symbol |
Name of the consonant | Example | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| z | Voiced alveolar fricative | zoo | /zuː/ |
| s | Voiceless alveolar fricative | sea | /siː/ |
| ð | Voiced dental fricative | that | /ðæt/ |
| θ | Voiceless dental fricative | thud | /θʌd/ |
| ʒ | Voiced postalveolar fricative | vision | /vɪʒən/ |
| ʃ | Voiceless postalveolar fricative | she | /ʃiː/ |
| n | Alveolar nasal | name | /neɪm/ |
| d | Voiced alveolar plosive | day | /deɪ/ |
| t | Voiceless alveolar plosive | tea | /tiː/ |
| ɹ | Alveolar approximant | reef | /ɹiːf/ |
| l | Lateral alveolar approximant | lift | /lɪft/ |
| r | Alveolar trill | Spanish perro | /pero/ |
| ɾ | Alveolar tap | Spanish pero | /peɾo/ |
See also
References
- Ladefoged, Peter; Ian Maddieson (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 18 August 2008, at 07:57.
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