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Arles in the south of Roman Gaul, modern France hosted several councils (Concilium Arelatense) or synods in the early Christian church. These councils did not universally represent the church and are not counted among the official Ecumenical Councils.
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Council of Arles - 314
The first council of Arles formally condemned the heresy of Donatism. It began as an appeal by the Donatists to Constantine the Great against the decision of the Roman Council of 313 under Pope Miltiades. This is the first instance of an appeal of a Christian party to the secular power, and it turned out unfavorably to the Donatists who afterwards became enemies of the Roman authorities. The Council of Arles was the first called by Constantine and is the forerunner of the First Council of Nicaea. Augustine of Hippo called it an Ecumenical Council.
It excommunicated Donatus and passed twenty-two canons concerning Easter (which should be held on one and the same day), against the non-residence of clergy, against participation in races and gladiatorial fights (to be punished by excommunication), against the rebaptism of heretics, and on other matters of discipline. Clergymen who could be proven to have delivered sacred books in persecution (the traditores) should be deposed, but their official acts were to be held valid. The assistance of at least three bishops was required at ordination.
Council of Arles - 353
Called in support of Arianism.
Council of Arles - 1234
Opposed the Albigensian heresy.
Council of Arles - 1263
Condemned the doctrines of Joachim of Fiore, a 12th century monk and mystic.
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