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| Iron(II) oxide | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Ferrous oxide Iron oxide/Oxidized iron Iron rust |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 1345-25-1 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | FeO |
| Molar mass | 71.85 g/mol |
| Density | 5.7 g/cm³ |
| Melting point |
1370 °C (1643.15 K) |
| Boiling point |
3414 °C (3687.15 K) |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | pyrophoric |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
|
Iron(II) oxide, also known as ferrous oxide, iron oxide/oxidized iron or more commonly rusted iron, is one of the iron oxides. It is a black-colored powder with the chemical formula FeO. It consists of the chemical element iron in the oxidation state of 2 bonded to oxygen. Its mineral form is known as wüstite. Iron(II) oxide should not be confused with rust, which usually consists of hydrated iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide). Iron(II) oxide is an example of a non-stoichiometric compound and the ratio of the elements iron and oxygen can vary, samples are typically iron deficient with a compositions ranging from Fe0.84O to Fe0.95O.1
Contents |
Preparation
FeO can be prepared by heating iron(II) oxalate in vacuo1:
- FeC2O4 → FeO + CO + CO2
The black powder can be made less reactive by heating. The heated sample is quenched to prevent disproportionation.2 Stoichiometric FeO can be prepared by heating Fe0.95O with metallic iron at 770°C and 36kbar.3
Reactions
FeO is thermodynamically unstable below 575°C, disproportionating to metal and Fe3O41:
- 4FeO → Fe + Fe3O4
Structure
Iron (II) oxide adopts the cubic, rock salt structure, where iron atoms are octahedrally coordinated by oxygen atoms and the oxygen atoms octahedrally coordinated by iron atoms. The non-stoichiometry occurs because of the ease of oxidation of FeII to FeIII effectively replacing a small portion of FeII with two thirds their number of FeIII, which take up tetrahedral positions in the close packed oxide lattice.3
Below 200°K there is a minor change to the structure which changes the symmetry to rhombohedral and samples become antiferromagnetic.3
Uses
Iron(II) oxide is used as a pigment. It is FDA-approved for use in cosmetics and it is used in some tattoo inks.
References
- ^ a b c Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 0-7506-3365-4
- ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-19957-5
- ^ a b c Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford University Press ISBN 0198553706
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 31 August 2008, at 04:05.
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