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| Isopentane | |
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| IUPAC name | 2-Methylbutane |
| Other names | Methylbutane |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 78-78-4 |
| RTECS number | EK4430000 |
| SMILES |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C5H12 |
| Molar mass | 72.15 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.6 g/ml, liquid |
| Melting point |
−160 °C (113 K) |
| Boiling point |
28 °C (301 K) |
| Solubility in water | Immiscible |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−179 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH |
−3504 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy S |
260.7 J·K−1·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Highly flammable (F+) Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| NFPA 704 |
 4
1
0
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| R-phrases | R12, R51/53, R65, R66, R67 |
| S-phrases | (S2), S9, S16, S29, S33, S61, S62 |
| Flash point | <−51 °C |
| Autoignition temperature |
420 °C |
| Explosive limits | 1.4–7.6% |
| Related compounds | |
| Related alkane | Isobutane Neopentane 2-Methylpentane |
| Related compounds | Pentane Cyclopentane |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox references |
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Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C.
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Nomenclature
Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.1 It is one of only four acyclic hydrocarbons to retain its pre-IUPAC name.
Isomers
Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane and neopentane.
References
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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (September 2007) |
- ^ Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2, http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_679.htm.
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1153
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")
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- This page was last modified on 2 December 2008, at 16:34.
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