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Levobupivacaine
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (S)-1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) piperidine-2-carboxamide |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | N01 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C18H28N2O |
| Mol. mass | 288.43 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | n/a |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Half life | 2–2.6 hours |
| Excretion | Renal 70%, faecal 24% |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
B3(AU) |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | Parenteral |
Levobupivacaine (rINN) (pronounced /liːvoʊbjuːˈpɪvəkeɪn/) is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. 1
Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Chirocaine.
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Clinical use
Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is approximately 13 percent less potent (by molarity) than racemic bupivacaine.
Indications
Levobupivacaine is indicated for local anaesthesia including infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia in adults; and infiltration analgesia in children.
Contraindications
Levobupivacaine is contraindicated for IV regional anaesthesia (IVRA).
Adverse effects
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when it is administered correctly. Most ADRs relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, however allergic reactions can rarely occur.
Systemic exposure to excessive quantities of bupivacaine mainly result in central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects – CNS effects usually occur at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects present at higher concentrations, though cardiovascular collapse may also occur with low concentrations. CNS effects may include CNS excitation (nervousness, tingling around the mouth, tinnitus, tremor, dizziness, blurred vision, seizures) followed by depression (drowsiness, loss of consciousness, respiratory depression and apnea). Cardiovascular effects include hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and/or cardiac arrest – some of which may be due to hypoxemia secondary to respiratory depression.2
References
- ^ Burlacu CL, Buggy DJ (April 2008). "Update on local anesthetics: focus on levobupivacaine". Ther Clin Risk Manag 4 (2): 381–92. PMID 18728849.
- ^ Rossi S, editor. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3
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Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 13 November 2008, at 03:39.
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