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- See also: Kyoto Protocol
Participation in the Kyoto Protocol, where dark green indicates countries that have signed and ratified the treaty, yellow is signed, but not yet ratified, grey is not yet decided and red is no intention of ratifying.
As of October 2008, 180 states have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, aimed at combating global warming.
Signed and ratified
The count on the UNFCCC list12 includes three extra parties:
- Niue and Cook Islands are counted separately. These are self-governing islands, but are not independent from New Zealand.
- In addition to its member states, the European Union is counted as a party to the Protocol.
Note: Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that an Annex I party (e.g. a developed country or one with an 'economy in transition') has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol. 37 of the 39 Annex I parties have agreed to cap their emissions in this way, two others are required to do so under their conditions of accession into the EU, and one more intends to become an Annex I party.
|
Country |
UNFCCC |
annex |
% for ratification |
reduction commitment for 20123 |
Signed |
Ratification/Acceptance |
Notes |
| 1 |
Fiji |
member |
|
|
|
17 September 1998 |
17 September 1998 |
|
| 2 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
member |
|
|
|
16 March 1998 |
3 November 1998 |
|
| 3 |
Tuvalu |
member |
|
|
|
16 November 1998 |
16 November 1998 |
|
| 4 |
Maldives |
member |
|
|
|
16 March 1998 |
30 December 1998 |
|
| 5 |
Turkmenistan |
member |
|
|
|
28 September 1998 |
11 January 1999 |
|
| 6 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
member |
|
|
|
7 January 1999 |
28 January 1999 |
|
| 7 |
Panama |
member |
|
|
|
8 June 1998 |
5 March 1999 |
|
| 8 |
Bahamas |
member |
|
|
|
|
9 April 1999 |
|
| 9 |
Georgia |
member |
|
|
|
|
16 June 1999 |
|
| 10 |
Federated States of Micronesia |
member |
|
|
|
17 March 1998 |
21 June 1999 |
|
| 11 |
Jamaica |
member |
|
|
|
|
28 June 1999 |
|
| 12 |
Cyprus |
member |
|
|
|
|
16 July 1999 |
-4 |
| 13 |
Paraguay |
member |
|
|
|
25 August 1998 |
27 August 1999 |
|
| 14 |
Guatemala |
member |
|
|
|
10 July 1998 |
5 October 1999 |
|
| 15 |
Uzbekistan |
member |
|
|
|
20 November 1998 |
12 October 1999 |
|
| 16 |
Nicaragua |
member |
|
|
|
7 July 1998 |
18 November 1999 |
|
| 17 |
Bolivia |
member |
|
|
|
9 July 1998 |
30 November 1999 |
|
| 18 |
Palau |
member |
|
|
|
|
10 December 1999 |
|
| 19 |
Mongolia |
member |
|
|
|
|
15 December 1999 |
|
| 20 |
Ecuador |
member |
|
|
|
15 January 1999 |
13 January 2000 |
|
| 21 |
El Salvador |
member |
|
|
|
8 June 1998 |
13 January 2000 |
|
| 22 |
Honduras |
member |
|
|
|
25 February 1999 |
19 July 2000 |
|
| 23 |
Barbados |
member |
|
|
|
|
7 August 2000 |
|
| 24 |
Equatorial Guinea |
member |
|
|
|
|
16 August 2000 |
|
| 25 |
Lesotho |
member |
|
|
|
|
6 September 2000 |
|
| 26 |
Guinea |
member |
|
|
|
|
7 September 2000 |
|
| 27 |
Kiribati |
member |
|
|
|
|
7 September 2000 |
|
| 28 |
Mexico |
member |
|
|
|
9 June 1998 |
7 September 2000 |
|
| 29 |
Azerbaijan |
member |
|
|
|
|
28 September 2000 |
|
| 30 |
Samoa |
member |
|
|
|
16 March 1998 |
27 November 2000 |
|
| 31 |
Uruguay |
member |
|
|
|
29 July 1998 |
5 February 2001 |
|
| 32 |
Romania |
member |
I |
1.24% |
-8%5 |
5 January 1999 |
19 March 2001 |
|
| 33 |
Mauritius |
member |
|
|
|
|
9 May 2001 |
|
| 34 |
Gambia |
member |
|
|
|
|
1 June 2001 |
|
| 35 |
Vanuatu |
member |
|
|
|
|
17 July 2001 |
|
| 36 |
Senegal |
member |
|
|
|
|
20 July 2001 |
|
| 37 |
Nauru |
member |
|
|
|
|
16 August 2001 |
|
| 38 |
Argentina |
member |
|
|
|
16 March 1998 |
28 September 2001 |
|
| 39 |
Burundi |
member |
|
|
|
|
18 October 2001 |
|
| 40 |
Bangladesh |
member |
|
|
|
|
22 October 2001 |
|
| 41 |
Malawi |
member |
|
|
|
|
26 October 2001 |
|
| 42 |
Malta |
member |
-4 |
|
|
17 April 1998 |
11 November 2001 |
|
| 43 |
Czech Republic |
member |
I |
1.24% |
-8%5 |
23 November 1998 |
15 November 2001 |
|
| 44 |
Colombia |
member |
|
|
|
|
30 November 2001 |
|
| 45 |
Morocco |
member |
|
|
|
|
25 January 2002 |
|
| 46 |
Dominican Republic |
member |
|
|
|
|
12 February 2002 |
|
| 47 |
Benin |
member |
|
|
|
|
25 February 2002 |
|
| 48 |
Djibouti |
member |
|
|
|
|
12 March 2002 |
|
| 49 |
Uganda |
member |
|
|
|
|
25 March 2002 |
|
| 50 |
Mali |
member |
|
|
|
27 January 1999 |
28 March 2002 |
|
| 51 |
Papua New Guinea |
member |
|
|
|
2 March 1999 |
28 March 2002 |
|
| 52 |
Cuba |
member |
|
|
|
15 March 1999 |
30 April 2002 |
|
| 53 |
Iceland |
member |
I, II |
0.02% |
+10%6 |
|
23 May 2002 |
55th entity (if counting with the Cook Islands and Niue), this fulfills the first condition for coming-into-force |
| 54 |
Norway |
member |
I, II |
0.26% |
+1%6 |
29 April 1998 |
30 May 2002 |
|
| -- |
European Union |
member7 |
I, II |
31.68% |
-8%5 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
All ratifications of the then-EU-members are deposited simultaneously (see 55-70) |
| 55 |
Austria |
member |
I, II |
0.4% |
-8% (-13%)5 |
24 September 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 56 |
Belgium |
member |
I, II |
0.8% |
-8% (-7.5%)5 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 57 |
Denmark |
member |
I, II |
0.4% |
-8% (-21%)5 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
Greenland: applied
Faroe Islands: not applied |
| 58 |
Finland |
member |
I, II |
0.4% |
-8% (0%)58 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 59 |
France |
member |
I, II |
2.7% |
-8% (0%)58 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion: applied
French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon: not applied |
| 60 |
Germany |
member |
I, II |
7.4% |
-8% (-21%)5 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 61 |
Greece |
member |
I, II |
0.6% |
-8% (+25%),56 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 62 |
Ireland |
member |
I, II |
0.2% |
-8% (+13%),56 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 63 |
Italy |
member |
I, II |
3.1% |
-8% (-6.5%)5 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 64 |
Luxembourg |
member |
I, II |
0.1% |
-8% (-28%)5 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 65 |
Netherlands |
member |
I, II |
1.2% |
-8% (-6%)5 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
Aruba: not applied
Netherlands Antilles: not applied |
| 66 |
Portugal |
member |
I, II |
0.3% |
-8% (+27%),56 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 67 |
Spain |
member |
I, II |
1.9% |
-8% (+15%),56 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 68 |
Sweden |
member |
I, II |
0.4% |
-8% (+4%),56 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 69 |
United Kingdom |
member |
I, II |
4.3% |
-8% (-12.5%)5 |
29 April 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 70 |
Slovakia |
member |
I |
0.42% |
-8%5 |
26 February 1998 |
31 May 2002 |
|
| 71 |
Japan |
member |
I, II |
8.55% |
-6% |
28 April 1998 |
4 June 2002 |
|
| 72 |
Latvia |
member |
I |
0.17% |
-8% |
14 December 1998 |
5 July 2002 |
|
| 73 |
Seychelles |
member |
|
|
|
20 March 1998 |
22 July 2002 |
|
| 74 |
South Africa |
member |
|
|
|
|
31 July 2002 |
|
| 75 |
Slovenia |
member |
I |
-9 |
-8%5 |
21 October 1998 |
2 August 2002 |
|
| 76 |
Grenada |
member |
|
|
|
|
6 August 2002 |
|
| 77 |
Costa Rica |
member |
|
|
|
27 April 1998 |
9 August 2002 |
|
| 78 |
Bulgaria |
member |
I |
0.6% |
-8%5 |
18 September 1998 |
15 August 2002 |
|
| 79 |
Hungary |
member |
I |
0.52% |
-6%5 |
|
21 August 2002 |
|
| 80 |
Cambodia |
member |
|
|
|
|
22 August 2002 |
|
| 81 |
Brazil |
member |
|
|
|
29 April 1998 |
23 August 2002 |
|
| 82 |
Bhutan |
member |
|
|
|
|
26 August 2002 |
|
| 83 |
Chile |
member |
|
|
|
17 June 1998 |
26 August 2002 |
|
| 84 |
India |
member |
|
|
|
|
26 August 2002 |
|
| 85 |
Tanzania |
member |
|
|
|
|
26 August 2002 |
|
| 86 |
Cameroon |
member |
|
|
|
|
28 August 2002 |
|
| 87 |
Thailand |
member |
|
|
|
2 February 1999 |
28 August 2002 |
|
| 88 |
China |
member |
|
|
|
29 May 1998 |
30 August 2002 |
Hong Kong: applied since April 8, 2003
Macau: not applied |
| 89 |
Sri Lanka |
member |
|
|
|
|
3 September 2002 |
|
| 90 |
Malaysia |
member |
|
|
|
12 March 1999 |
4 September 2002 |
|
| 91 |
Peru |
member |
|
|
|
13 November 1998 |
12 September 2002 |
|
| 92 |
Vietnam |
member |
|
|
|
3 December 1998 |
25 September 2002 |
|
| 93 |
Estonia |
member |
I |
0.28% |
-8%5 |
3 December 1998 |
14 October 2002 |
|
| 94 |
Liberia |
member |
|
|
|
|
5 November 2002 |
|
| 95 |
South Korea |
member |
|
|
|
25 September 1998 |
8 November 2002 |
|
| 96 |
Poland |
member |
I |
3.02% |
-6%5 |
15 July 1998 |
13 December 2002 |
|
| 97 |
Canada |
member |
I, II |
3.33% |
-6% |
29 April 1998 |
17 December 2002 |
|
| 98 |
New Zealand |
member10 |
I, II |
0.19% |
0%8 |
22 May 1998 |
19 December 2002 |
Niue: signed 8 December 1998, ratified 6 May 1999
Cook Islands: signed 16 September 1998, ratified 27 August 2001
Tokelau: not applied |
| 99 |
Lithuania |
member |
I |
-9 |
-8%5 |
21 September 1998 |
3 January 2003 |
|
| 100 |
Jordan |
member |
|
|
|
|
17 January 2003 |
|
| 101 |
Tunisia |
member |
|
|
|
|
22 January 2003 |
|
| 102 |
Laos |
member |
|
|
|
|
6 February 2003 |
|
| 103 |
Solomon Islands |
member |
|
|
|
29 September 1998 |
13 March 2003 |
|
| 104 |
Moldova |
member |
|
|
|
|
22 April 2003 |
|
| 105 |
Armenia |
member |
|
|
|
|
25 April 2003 |
|
| 106 |
Kyrgyzstan |
member |
|
|
|
|
13 May 2003 |
|
| 107 |
Ghana |
member |
|
|
|
|
30 May 2003 |
|
| 108 |
Switzerland |
member |
I, II |
0.32% |
-8% |
16 March 1998 |
9 July 2003 |
|
| 109 |
Guyana |
member |
|
|
|
|
5 August 2003 |
|
| 110 |
Botswana |
member |
|
|
|
|
8 August 2003 |
|
| 111 |
Marshall Islands |
member |
|
|
|
17 March 1998 |
11 August 2003 |
|
| 112 |
Burma |
member |
|
|
|
|
13 August 2003 |
|
| 113 |
Saint Lucia |
member |
|
|
|
16 March 1998 |
20 August 2003 |
|
| 114 |
Namibia |
member |
|
|
|
|
4 September 2003 |
|
| 115 |
Madagascar |
member |
|
|
|
|
24 September 2003 |
|
| 116 |
Belize |
member |
|
|
|
|
26 September 2003 |
|
| 117 |
Philippines |
member |
|
|
|
15 April 1998 |
20 November 2003 |
|
| 118 |
Israel |
member |
|
|
|
16 December 1998 |
15 March 2004 |
|
| 119 |
Ukraine |
member |
I |
-9 |
0%8 |
15 March 1999 |
12 April 2004 |
|
| 120 |
Togo |
member |
|
|
|
|
2 July 2004 |
|
| 121 |
Rwanda |
member |
|
|
|
|
22 July 2004 |
|
| 122 |
Yemen |
member |
|
|
|
|
15 September 2004 |
|
| 123 |
Niger |
member |
|
|
|
23 October 1998 |
30 September 2004 |
|
| 124 |
Sudan |
member |
|
|
|
|
2 November 2004 |
|
| 125 |
Russia |
member |
I |
17.4% |
0%8 |
11 March 1999 |
18 November 2004 |
With Russia's ratification the "55 percent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of the Parties included in Annex I" clause was satisfied and the treaty brought into force, effective 16 February 2005. |
| 126 |
Republic of Macedonia |
member |
|
|
|
|
18 November 2004 |
|
| 127 |
Indonesia |
member |
|
|
|
13 July 1998 |
3 December 2004 |
|
| 128 |
Liechtenstein |
member |
I |
0.0015% |
-8% |
29 June 1998 |
3 December 2004 |
|
| 129 |
Nigeria |
member |
|
|
|
|
10 December 2004 |
|
| 130 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
member |
|
|
|
19 March 1998 |
31 December 2004 |
|
| 131 |
Pakistan |
member |
|
|
|
|
11 January 2005 |
|
| 132 |
Qatar |
member |
|
|
|
|
11 January 2005 |
|
| 133 |
Egypt |
member |
|
|
|
15 March 1999 |
12 January 2005 |
|
| 134 |
Mozambique |
member |
|
|
|
|
18 January 2005 |
|
| 135 |
Oman |
member |
|
|
|
|
19 January 2005 |
|
| 136 |
Dominica |
member |
|
|
|
|
25 January 2005 |
|
| 137 |
United Arab Emirates |
member |
|
|
|
|
26 January 2005 |
|
| 138 |
Saudi Arabia |
member |
|
|
|
|
31 January 2005 |
|
| 139 |
Algeria |
member |
|
|
|
|
16 February 2005 |
|
| 140 |
Venezuela |
member |
|
|
|
|
18 February 2005 |
|
| 141 |
Kenya |
member |
|
|
|
|
25 February 2005 |
|
| 142 |
Kuwait |
member |
|
|
|
|
11 March 2005 |
|
| 143 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
member |
|
|
|
|
23 March 2005 |
|
| 144 |
Burkina Faso |
member |
|
|
|
|
31 March 2005 |
|
| 145 |
Albania |
member |
|
|
|
|
1 April 2005 |
|
| 146 |
Ethiopia |
member |
|
|
|
|
14 April 2005 |
|
| 147 |
North Korea |
member |
|
|
|
|
27 April 2005 |
|
| 148 |
Haiti |
member |
|
|
|
|
6 July 2005 |
|
| 149 |
Mauritania |
member |
|
|
|
|
22 July 2005 |
|
| 150 |
Eritrea |
member |
|
|
|
|
28 July 2005 |
|
| 151 |
Iran |
member |
|
|
|
|
22 August 2005 |
|
| 152 |
Belarus |
member |
I |
-9 |
none yet11 |
|
26 August 2005 |
|
| 153 |
Nepal |
member |
|
|
|
|
16 September 2005 |
|
| 154 |
Guinea-Bissau |
member |
|
|
|
|
18 November 2005 |
|
| 155 |
Swaziland |
member |
|
|
|
|
13 January 2006 |
|
| 156 |
Syria |
member |
|
|
|
|
27 January 2006 |
|
| 157 |
Bahrain |
member |
|
|
|
|
31 January 2006 |
|
| 158 |
Cape Verde |
member |
|
|
|
|
10 February 2006 |
|
| 159 |
Monaco |
member |
I |
0.0015% |
-8% |
29 April 1998 |
27 February 2006 |
|
| 160 |
Singapore |
member |
|
|
|
|
12 April 2006 |
|
| 161 |
Zambia |
member |
|
|
|
August 5, 1998 |
July 7, 2006 |
|
| 162 |
Libya |
member |
|
|
|
|
August 24, 2006 |
|
| 163 |
Suriname |
member |
|
|
|
|
September 25, 2006 |
|
| 164 |
Sierra Leone |
member |
|
|
|
|
November 10, 2006 |
|
| 165 |
Lebanon |
member |
|
|
|
|
November 13, 2006 |
|
| 166 |
Gabon |
member |
|
|
|
|
December 12, 2006 |
|
| 167 |
Congo |
member |
|
|
|
|
February 12, 2007 |
|
| 168 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
member |
|
|
|
|
April 16, 2007 |
|
| 169 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
member |
|
|
|
|
April 23, 2007 |
|
| 170 |
Croatia |
member |
I |
-9 |
-5% |
March 11, 1999 |
April 27, 2007 |
|
| 171 |
|