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Head of State (Naczelnik Państwa, 1918-1922)
- Marshal Józef Klemens Piłsudski (14 November 1918 - 14 December 1922) (and de facto dictator of Poland from the coup d'état on 14 May 1926 until his death on 12 May 1935).
Presidents of the Second Polish Republic (1922-1939)
| # | President | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gabriel Narutowicz |  |
14 December 1922 | 16 December 1922 | Assassinated |
| A | Maciej Rataj |  |
16 December 1922 | 20 December 1922 | 1st time, acting |
| 2 | Stanisław Wojciechowski |  |
20 December 1922 | 14 May 1926 | deposed in the May Coup |
| A | Maciej Rataj | |
15 May 1926 | 4 June 1926 | 2nd time, acting |
| Józef Piłsudski |  |
elected 31 May 1926 | President-elect, refused to take office | ||
| 3 | Ignacy Mościcki |  |
4 June 1926 | 30 September 1939 | Exiled in Romania from 27 September 1939) after Poland's defeat. He then became the Inspector-General of the Polish Armed Forces. Previously he was the surrogate ruler of Poland during the Piłsudski dictatorship following the May Coup. |
- Marshal Józef Klemens Piłsudski (1926 - 1935)
- Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły (1935 - 1939)
Presidents of the Republic of Poland in Exile (1939-1990)
The Polish Government in exile was recognized by the United States and the United Kingdom until 6 July 1945.
| # | President | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski |  |
September 1939 | ||
| 2 | Władysław Raczkiewicz |  |
1939 | 1947 | Died in office |
| 3 | August Zaleski |  |
1947 | 1972 | Died in office, longest-serving President |
| 4 | Stanisław Ostrowski |  |
1972 | 1979 | |
| 5 | Edward Raczyński |  |
1979 | 1986 | |
| 6 | Kazimierz Sabbat |  |
1986 | 1989 | Died in office |
| 7 | Ryszard Kaczorowski |  |
1989 | 1990 | Resigned after the election of Lech Wałęsa |
Presidents of the Presidium of the People's Council (1944-1947)
Recognized by the United States and the United Kingdom since 6 July 1945
- Bolesław Bierut (1 January 1944 - 4 February 1947)
- Franciszek Trąbalski (4 February 1947) (Senior Marshal of the Constituent Sejm) - Acting
- Władysław Kowalski (4 February - 5 February 1947) (Marshal of the Constituent Sejm) - Acting
Chairman of the Council of State of Poland (1944-1989)
Until the year 1952, the President was also the chairman of the Council of State. The July Constitution abolished the office of president. Since then, the Council of State was the de iure collective head of state, but the First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party were the de facto rulers.
- Aleksander Zawadzki (20 November 1952 - 7 August 1964)
- Edward Ochab
- + Stanislaw Kulczynski
- + Oskar Ryszard Lange
- + Boleslaw Podedworny (acting) (7 August 1964 - 12 August 1964)
- Edward Ochab (12 August 1964 - 10 April 1968)
- Marian Spychalski (10 April 1968 - 23 December 1970)
- Józef Cyrankiewicz (23 December 1970 - 28 March 1972)
- Henryk Jabłoński (28 March 1972 - 6 November 1985)
- General Wojciech Jaruzelski (6 November 1985 - 19 July 1989)
First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party (1943-1989)¹
| # | First Secretary | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Władysław Gomułka |  |
23 November 1943 | 3 September 1948 | 1st time |
| 2 | Bolesław Bierut |  |
3 September 1948 | 12 March 1956 | |
| 3 | Edward Ochab | .jpg) |
20 March 1956 | 21 October 1956 | |
| 4 | Władysław Gomułka | |
21 October 1956 | 20 December 1970 | 2nd time |
| 5 | Edward Gierek |  |
20 December 1970 | 6 September 1980 | |
| 6 | Stanisław Kania | 6 September 1980 | 18 October 1981 | ||
| 7 | Wojciech Jaruzelski |  |
18 October 1981 | 29 July 1989 | |
| 8 | Mieczysław Rakowski |  |
29 July 1989 | 27 January 1990 | |
President of the Republic of Poland
| # | President | Took office | Left office | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Lech Wałęsa |  |
22 December 1990 | 22 December 1995 | First President elected by the popular vote |
| A | Józef Zych |  |
23 December 1995 | 23 December 1995 | Acting |
| 3 | Aleksander Kwaśniewski |  |
23 December 1995 | 23 December 2005 | First President reelected by the popular vote |
| 4 | Lech Kaczyński |  |
23 December 2005 | Incumbent | |
¹First Secretary of Polish Workers Party until 21st December, 1948; PUWP thereafter.
See also
- Acting President of the Republic of Poland
- Polish presidential election, 1990
- Polish presidential election, 1995
- Polish presidential election, 2000
- Polish presidential election, 2005
- List of Polish monarchs
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