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The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions.

Note: Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several inventors around the same time, or may be invented in an impractical form many years before another inventor improves the invention into a practical form. Where there is ambiguity, the date of the first known working version of the invention is used here.

Contents 1 Paleolithic era 2 Antiquity 2.1 10th millennium BC 2.2 9th millennium BC 2.3 8th millennium BC 2.4 7th millennium BC 2.5 6th millennium BC 2.6 5th millennium BC 2.7 4th millennium BC 2.8 3rd millennium BC 2.9 2nd millennium BC 2.10 1st millennium BC 3 1st millennium AD 3.1 1st-5th centuries 3.2 6th-8th centuries 3.3 9th-10th centuries 4 2nd millennium 4.1 11th century 4.2 12th century 4.3 13th century 4.4 14th century 4.5 15th century 4.6 16th century 4.7 17th century 4.8 18th century 4.9 19th century 4.9.1 1800s 4.9.2 1810s 4.9.3 1820s 4.9.4 1830s 4.9.5 1840s 4.9.6 1850s 4.9.7 1860s 4.9.8 1870s 4.9.9 1880s 4.9.10 1890s 4.10 20th century 4.10.1 1900s 4.10.2 1910s 4.10.3 1920s 4.10.4 1930s 4.10.5 1940s 4.10.6 1950s 4.10.7 1960s 4.10.8 1970s 4.10.9 1980s 4.10.10 1990s 5 3rd millennium 5.1 21st century 5.1.1 2000s 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links

Paleolithic era

Main article: Paleolithic

• Indeterminate: Music, Language
• 2.4 Ma BP: Olduwan - struck stone tools, in East Africa
• 1.65 Ma: Acheulean - struck and reworked stone tools, in Kenya
• 1.4 Ma: Knife in Ethiopia
• 1 Ma: Controlled fire and sterilization of food and water (cooking) in East Africa
• 500 ka: Shelter construction ¹
• 100-500 ka: Clothing
• 400 ka: Pigments in Zambia ²
• 400 ka: Spears in Germany ³
• 200 ka: Burial in Africa
• 140 ka: Bone tools in Africa (see Blombos Cave)
• 140 ka: Shellfishing in Africa (see Blombos Cave)
• 100 ka: Lithic blades in Africa and the ancient Near East
• 60 ka: Ships probably used by settlers of New Guinea
• 50 ka: Flute in Slovenia
• 50 ka: Bow in Tunisia ^{4 5}
• 43 ka: Mining in Swaziland and Hungary
• 37 ka: Tally sticks in Swaziland ⁶
• 30 ka: Sewing needles
• 26 ka: Ceramics in Moravia
• 25 ka: Atlatl in Northwest Africa ⁷
• 17 ka: twisted Rope (probably much earlier)
• 15 ka: Boomerang in Australia⁸
• 12 ka: Basket weaving

Antiquity

10th millennium BC

• Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent
• Alcoholic beverages in the Fertile Crescent
• Adobe in the ancient Near East
• 9500 BC: Granary in the Jordan Valley

9th millennium BC

• 8700 BC: Metalworking (copper pendant) in Mesopotamia (Iraq)
• 8000 BC: Wall (Jericho)

8th millennium BC

• Animal husbandry in the ancient Near East
• Plaster in Jericho

7th millennium BC

• 7000 BC: Dental drill in Mehrgarh, Pakistan⁹
• 6200 BC: Map in Çatalhöyük
• Cloth woven from flax fiber

6th millennium BC

• Irrigation in the Fertile Crescent
• Beer in Sumer, Mesopotamia (Iraq)⁸
• City in Mesopotamia (Iraq)
• Plough in Mesopotamia (Iraq)

History of technology

By period and location: Neolithic Revolution Egyptian technology Indian technology Chinese technology Greek technology Roman technology Muslim technology Muslim Agricultural Revolution Medieval technology Renaissance technology British Agricultural Revolution Industrial Revolution By type of technology: History of biotechnology History of communication History of computer hardware History of electrical engineering History of materials science History of measurement History of medicine History of nuclear technology History of transport Technology timelines: Timeline of historic inventions Complete list

5th millennium BC

• Beer and bread in Egypt
• Wheel and axle combination in Mesopotamia
• Ice skate in Scandinavia¹⁰

4th millennium BC

• 4000 BC: Canal in Mesopotamia
• 4000 BC: Stone paved street Ur Iraq
• 3807-3806 BC: Timber-engineered roadway in England
• 3630 BC: Silk in China
• 3500 BC: Plywood in Egypt
• 3500 BC: Writing in Sumer
• 3500 BC: Carts in Sumer
• 3100 BC: Drainage in the Indus Valley Civilization (India/Pakistan)
• 3000 BC: Sailing
• 3000 BC: Rice in India¹¹
• 3000 BC: Reservoir in the Indus Valley Civilization¹²
• Bronze: Susa (Iran)
• Cement in Egypt
• River boats in Egypt
• Noodle in China
• Comb in Persia (these combs were very refined, so combs themselves are probably older)

3rd millennium BC

• 2800 BC: Button in the Indus Valley Civilization (India)
• 2800 BC: Soap in Mesopotamia
• 2700 BC: Plumbing in the Indus Valley Civilization¹³
• 2630-2611 BC: Step pyramid: Imhotep in Egypt
• 2600s BC: Papyrus: Imhotep in Egypt
• 2600s BC: Suture: Imhotep in Egypt
• 2600s BC: Pharmaceutical cream: Imhotep in Egypt
• 2600 BC: Chariot in Mesopotamia
• 2500 BC: Arch in Mohenjo-daro (Indus Valley Civilization) (India)¹⁴
• 2400 BC: Shipyard in Lothal (Indus Valley Civilization) (India)
• 2400 BC: Dock in Lothal (Indus Valley Civilization)¹⁵
• 2000 BC: Currency
• Aqueduct in ancient Egypt and Indus Valley Civilization (India)
• Dagger in Near East
• Sickle-sword in Sumer
• Alphabet in Phoenicia
• Candles in Egypt
• Ink in China
• Sledges in Scandinavia
• Ski in Scandinavia⁸

2nd millennium BC

• Iron in Anatolia, Caucasus and India
• Perfume: Tapputi in Mesopotamia
• Bronze Age sword in Mesopotamia
• Glass in Egypt¹⁶
• Rubber in Mesoamerica
• Spoked-wheel chariot: Indo-Iranians
• Water clock in Egypt
• Iron Age sword
• Bells in China
• Fork in China¹⁷
• Umbrella in Mesopotamia
• Calibration in the Indus Valley Civilization¹⁸
• Metrology in the Indus Valley Civilization¹⁸
• 1300–1000 BC: Zinc in India¹⁹
• 1000s BC: Coins in China
• 1000 BC: Lens in Assyria
• 1000 BC: Central heating: Ondol in Korea²⁰
• 1000 BC: Underfloor heating: Ondol in Korea²⁰

1st millennium BC

• Sound in Ancient Rome²¹
• Forceps in Ancient Rome²²²³²¹
• Scalpel in Ancient Rome²²²³²¹
• Cautery in Ancient Rome²¹
• Speculum in Ancient Rome²¹
• Cross-bladed scissors in Ancient Rome²²²¹
• Surgical needle in Ancient Rome²¹
• Cataract surgery in Ancient Rome²⁴
• 750 BC: Celestial spheres in ancient Greece²⁵
• 700s BC: Button in Ancient Greece, Etruscan civilization⁸
• 700 BC: Chain pump in Babylonia
• 600s BC: Latin alphabet in Ancient Rome
• 600 BC: Chopsticks in China
• 592 BC: Anchor in ancient Greece²⁶
• 500s BC: Sugar in India
• 500s BC: Dental bridge in Etruria
• 500s BC: Kite: Lu Ban in China
• 500s BC: Maps in ancient Greece²⁷
• 500s BC: Plastic surgery: Sushruta in India
• 500s BC: Cosmetic surgery: Sushruta in India
• 500 BC: Iron plough in China
• 499-477 BC: Horse collar in China²⁸
• 475 BC: Scythed Chariot: Ajatashatru in India
• 400s BC: Linguistics: Pāṇini in India²⁹
• 400s BC: Trebuchet in China
• 400s BC: Traction trebuchet in China
• 400s BC: Football in China
• 400s BC: Catapult in ancient Greece³⁰
• 400s BC: Cast iron in China
• 400s BC: Crossbow in China
• 350 BC: Water wheel in India³¹
• 350 BC: Watermill in India³¹
• c. 300: Wootz steel in India
• 300s BC: Roman aqueduct in ancient Rome³²
• 300s BC: Compass in China
• 300s BC: Star catalogues: Gan De and Shi Shen
• 300s BC: Encyclopedia: Speusippus in ancient Greece⁸
• 300s BC: Screw: Archytas
• 300s BC: India ink in India
• 200s BC: Diamond (gemstone) in India³³
• 300-100 BC: Blast furnace in China
• 300-100 BC: Cupola furnace in China
• 300-100 BC: Pig iron in China
• 285 BC: Suspension bridge in China
• 250 BC: Lever in ancient Greece
• 210 BC: Chromium use in China
• 200s BC: Compound pulley: Archimedes
• 200s BC: Odometer: Archimedes?
• 200s BC: Archimedes' screw : Archimedes
• 200s BC: Cashmere wool in India³⁴
• 200s BC: Contour canal: Shi Lu in China
• 200s BC: Lock gate in China
• 200s BC: Stupa in India³⁵
• 200s BC: Pagoda in India³⁵
• 202-1 BC: Bellows in China
• 200 BC: Horseshoe in ancient Rome
• 150s BC: Clockwork (Antikythera mechanism)
• 150s BC: Astrolabe: Hipparchus
• 100s BC: Big-toe stirrup in India³⁶
• 100 BC: Glassblowing in ancient Rome³⁷
• 100s BC: Parchment in Pergamon
• 500 BC: Heavy plough in China
• 100s BC: Wheelbarrow in China³⁸
• 100 BC: Trip hammer in China
• 52 BC: Armillary sphere: Geng Shouchang in China
• 40 BC: Rolling-element bearing in Roman ship
• 21 BC: Collapsable umbrella: Wang Mang³⁹
• Catapult in ancient Near East
• South Pointing Chariot in China
• Differential gear in China and Greek island of Antikythera
• Flash lock in China
• Bookbinding in India
• Blowgun in India⁴⁰
• Indigo dye in India⁴¹
• Iron pellet in India⁴⁰
• Jute in Bengal⁴²
• Neem toothbrush in India

1st millennium AD

1st-5th centuries

• 1-100 AD: Junk ship in China
• 1-100 AD: Rudder in China⁴³
• 38 AD: Hydraulic-powered bellows: Du Shi
• 50 AD: Mouldboard plough in China and Gaul
• 77 AD: Encyclopedia (comprehensive work): Pliny the Elder⁸
• 78-139: Hydraulic-powered armillary sphere: Zhang Heng
• 78-139: Seismometer: Zhang Heng
• 100s: Aeolipile: Hero of Alexandria in Roman Egypt
• 100s: Carding in India⁴⁴
• 105: Paper: Cai Lun in China⁴⁵
• 132: Rudimentary Seismometer: Zhang Heng in China
• 180: Rotary fan: Ding Huan in China
• 180: Winnowing fan: Ding Huan in China
• 200s: Kongming lantern (Hot air balloon) in China
• 200s: Horseshoes in Germany
• 200-400: Stepwell in India⁴⁶
• 300s: Toothpaste in Roman Egypt
• 400s: Horse collar in China
• 400s: Cotton gin in India⁴⁷
• Fore-and-aft rig in India⁴⁸
• Kamal in India⁴⁹
• Prayer wheel: Tibet⁵⁰
• Three-masted merchant vessel in China⁵¹
• Woodblock printing in China

6th-8th centuries

• 500s: Chess in India⁵²
• 500s: Ludo in India⁵³
• 559: Manned kite: Yuan Huangtou
• 589: Toilet paper: Yan Zhitui in China
• 610-632: Miswak toothbrush: Muhammad in Arabia
• 605: Open-spandrel segmental arch bridge: Li Chun in China
• 618-700: Porcelain in China
• 618-907: Water-powered rotary fan in China
• 634-644: Windmill: Umar⁵⁴
• 673: Greek fire: Kallinikos of Heliopolis
• 673: Flamethrower in Syria
• 700: Quill pen
• 700-900: Charitable trust in the Arab Empire⁵⁵⁵⁶
• 700s: Brass astrolabe: Muhammad al-Fazari⁵⁷
• 700s: Destructive distillation: Arabic chemists⁵⁸
• 700s: Inoculation: Madhav in India⁵⁹
• 700s: Glass factory in Syria⁶⁰
• 700s: Pottery factory in Syria⁶⁰
• 721-800: Coloured glass: Geber⁶¹
• 721-815: Alembic: Geber (Jabir ibn Hayyan)⁶²
• 721-815: Still: Geber⁶²
• 721-815: Retort: Geber⁶³
• 721-815: Filtration: Geber⁶⁴
• 721-815: Crystallization: Geber⁶⁵
• 721-815: Pure distillation: Geber⁶⁴
• 721-815: Distilled alcohol: Geber⁶²
• 721-815: Distilled wine: Geber⁶²
• 721-815: Distilled beverage: Geber⁶²
• 721-815: Mineral acid: Geber⁶⁶
• 721-815: Nitric acid: Geber⁶⁶
• 721-815: Hydrochloric acid: Geber⁶⁶
• 721-815: Sulfuric acid: Geber⁶⁶⁶⁷
• 721-815: Uric acid: Geber⁶⁸
• 721-815: Acetic acid: Geber⁶⁵⁶⁹
• 721-815: Citric acid: Geber⁶⁵
• 721-815: Tartaric acid: Geber⁶⁵
• 721-815: Aqua regia: Geber⁶⁶
• 721-815: Cheese glue: Geber⁷⁰
• 721-815: Plated mail: Geber⁷⁰
• 721-815: Lustreware: Geber⁷¹
• 721-815: Tin-glazing: Geber⁷²
• 721-815: Cucurbit: Geber⁷³
• 721-815: Evacuation tube: Geber⁷³
• 721-815: Aludel: Geber⁷³
• 721-815: Artificial pearl⁷⁰
• 721-815: Purified pearl⁷⁰
• 721-815: Dyed pearl⁷⁰
• 721-815: Dyed gemstone ⁷⁰
• 721-815: Artificial gemstone⁷⁰
• 721-925: Rose water: Geber, Al-Kindi (Alkindus), Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes)⁷³
• 721-925: Heated bath: Geber, Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi⁷³
• 721-925: Sand bath: Geber, Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi⁷³
• 721-925: Funnel: Geber, Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi⁷³
• 721-925: Sieve: Geber, Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi⁷³
• 721-925: Filter: Geber, Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi⁷³
• 725: Clockwork escapement mechanism: Yi Xing of China
• 754: Pharmacy in Baghdad⁷⁴
• 754: Drugstore in Baghdad⁷⁴
• 758-764: Tar pavement in Baghdad⁵⁸
• 763-800: Public hospital: Harun al-Rashid⁷⁵
• 763-800: Psychiatric hospital in Baghdad⁷⁶
• 794: Paper mill in Baghdad⁷⁷
• Amalgamation: Arabic chemists⁷³
• Ceration: Arabic chemists⁷³
• Dry distillation: Arabic chemists
• Solution: Arabic chemists⁷³
• Sublimation: Arabic chemists⁶⁴⁷³
• Water purification: Arabic chemists⁷⁸
• Purified water: Arabic chemists⁷⁸
• Fusible alloy: Arabic chemists⁷³
• Petrol: Arabic chemists⁷⁹
• Apothecary: Arabic physicians⁸⁰
• Lateen in India⁴⁸

9th-10th centuries

• 700-1000: Spinning wheel in India⁸¹
• 800-850: Quadrant: Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algorismi)⁸²
• 800-850: Mural instrument: Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī⁸²
• 800-850: Sine quadrant: Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī⁸²
• 800-850: Horary quadrant: Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī⁸²
• 800-850: Alhidade: Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī⁸³
• 800-857: Under-arm deodorant: Ziryab⁸⁴
• 800-857: Beauty parlour: Ziryab⁸⁵
• 800-857: Bangs: Ziryab⁸⁵
• 800-857: Chemical depilatory: Ziryab⁸⁵
• 800-873: Valve: Banū Mūsā in Iraq⁸⁶
• 800-873: Float valve: Banū Mūsā⁸⁶
• 800-873: Feedback controller: Banū Mūsā⁸⁶
• 800-873: Float chamber: Banū Mūsā⁸⁷
• 800-873: Automatic control: Banū Mūsā⁸⁷
• 800-873: Automatic flute player: Banū Mūsā⁸⁸
• 800-873: Programmable machine: Banū Mūsā⁸⁸
• 800-873: Trick drinking vessels: Banū Mūsā⁸⁹
• 800-873: Gas mask: Banū Mūsā⁸⁹
• 800-873: Grab: Banū Mūsā⁸⁹
• 800-873: Clamshell grab: Banū Mūsā⁸⁹
• 800-873: Fail-safe system: Banū Mūsā⁸⁹
• 800-873: Mechanical musical instrument: Banū Mūsā⁹⁰
• 800-873: Hydropowered organ: Banū Mūsā⁹⁰
• 800-873: Hurricane lamp: Banū Mūsā⁸⁹
• 800-873: Self-feeding oil lamp: Banū Mūsā⁸⁹
• 800-873: Self-trimming oil lamp: Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir⁸⁹
• 800-1000: Wind powered gristmills in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran⁹¹
• 800-1000: Sugar refinery in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran⁹¹
• 800-1000: Metal block printing in Egypt⁹²
• c. 800-1000: Switch: Arabic engineers⁹³
• 800s: Stonepaste ceramics in Iraq⁹⁴
• 800s: Black powder in China
• 800s: Gunpowder in China
• 800s: Water turbine in the Arab Empire⁸⁹
• 800s: Universal sundial in Baghdad⁹⁵
• 800s: Universal horary dial in Baghdad⁹⁶⁹⁷
• 800s: Vertical-axle windmill in Afghanistan⁵⁴
• 800s: Naphtha in Azerbaijan⁵⁸
• 800s: Oil well in Azerbaijan⁵⁸
• 801-873: Pure alcohol: Al-Kindi (Alkindus)⁹⁸
• 801-1000: Municipal solid waste handling: Al-Kindi, Qusta ibn Luqa, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi, Ibn Al-Jazzar, al-Masihi⁹⁹
• 810-887: Glass from stones: Abbas Ibn Firnas in al-Andalus¹⁰⁰
• 810-887: Eye glasses: Abbas Ibn Firnas⁵⁸
• 810-887: Clear colourless high-purity glass: Abbas Ibn Firnas¹⁰⁰¹⁰¹
• 810-887: Metronome: Abbas Ibn Firnas¹⁰²
• 810-887: Artificial weather simulation: Abbas Ibn Firnas¹⁰²
• 813-833: Medical school: Al-Ma'mun⁷⁵
• 827: Mechanical singing bird automaton: Al-Ma'mun¹⁰³¹⁰⁴
• 836-1000: Erectile dysfunction treatment: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi, Thabit bin Qurra (Thebit), Ibn Al-Jazzar¹⁰⁵
• 853-929: Observation tube: Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius)¹⁰⁶
• 852: Parachute: Abbas Ibn Firnas in al-Andalus⁶⁸
• 859: University: Princess Fatima al-Fihri¹⁰⁷¹⁰⁸
• 875: Hang glider: Abbas Ibn Firnas¹⁰²¹⁰⁹
• 875: Artificial wing: Abbas Ibn Firnas¹⁰²¹⁰⁹
• 875: Flight control frame: Abbas Ibn Firnas¹⁰²¹⁰⁹
• c. 865-900: Kerosene: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes) in Iraq⁵⁸¹¹⁰
• 865-925: Hard soap: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi¹¹¹
• 865-925: Chemotherapy: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi¹¹²
• 865-925: Antiseptic: Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi⁵⁸
• 900s: Banknote in China
• 900s: Fire lance in China
• 900s: Gun in China
• 900s: Milling factory in Baghdad¹¹³
• 900s: Cartographic grid in Baghdad¹¹⁴
• 900s: Graph paper in the Arab Empire^115116117
• 900s: Horizontal-axle windmill in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran⁵⁴
• 903-986: Timekeeping astrolabe: Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi)¹¹⁸
• 904: Fire Arrow in China
• 919: Double-piston flamethrower in China
• 984: Pound lock: Qiao Weiyo
• 953: Fountain pen: Al-Muizz Lideenillah of Egypt^11912068
• 960-1000: Restaurant in China¹²¹ and Arab Empire¹²²
• 994: Astronomical sextant: Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi in Persia¹²³
• 996: Geared mechanical astrolabe: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī¹²⁴
• Almucantar quadrant: Arabic astronomers¹²⁵
• Navigational astrolabe: Arabic astronomers¹²⁶
• Vertical sundial: Arabic astronomers¹²⁷
• Polar sundial: Arabic astronomers¹²⁷
• Coffee: Khalid in Ethiopia
• Shaving soap: Arabic chemists
• Plumb line: Arabic engineers¹²⁸
• Reed level: Arabic engineers¹²⁸
• Triangulation: Arabic engineers¹²⁸
• Geared gristmill: Arabic engineers¹²⁹
• Shatranj in Persia
• Paned window in the Arab Empire¹³⁰
• Street lamp in the Arab Empire¹³⁰
• Sherbet in the Arab Empire¹³¹
• Soft drink in the Arab Empire¹³²¹³¹
• Syrup in the Arab Empire¹³¹
• Mercury escapement mechanism in the Middle East
• Bridge dam in Iran¹³³
• Milling dam in Iran¹³³¹³⁴
• Diversion dam in Iraq¹³³
• Public library in the Arab Empire¹³⁵
• Lending library in the Arab Empire¹³⁵
• Library catalog in the Arab Empire¹³⁶
• Firecracker in China
• Snakes and ladders in India

2nd millennium

11th century

• c. 1000: Pendulum: Ibn Yunus in Egypt¹³⁷
• c. 1000: Injection syringe: Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili of Iraq^58138139
• c. 1000: Hypodermic needle: Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili¹³⁸¹³⁹
• c. 1000: Cataract extraction: Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili¹³⁸¹³⁹
• c. 1000: Suction: Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili¹³⁸¹³⁹
• 1000: Ligature: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) in Al-Andalus¹⁴⁰
• 1000: Adhesive plaster: Abu al-Qasim¹⁴¹
• 1000: Curette: Abu al-Qasim¹⁴²
• 1000: Retractor: Abu al-Qasim¹⁴²
• 1000: Lithotomy scalpel: Abu al-Qasim¹⁴³
• 1000: Surgical catgut: Abu al-Qasim
• 1000: Surgical hook: Abu al-Qasim¹⁴²
• 1000: Surgical rod: Abu al-Qasim¹⁴²
• 1000: Surgical spoon: Abu al-Qasim¹⁴²
• 1000: Inhalational anaesthetic: Abu al-Qasim⁵⁸¹⁴⁴
• 1000: Anaesthetic sponge: Abu al-Qasim⁵⁸¹⁴⁴
• 1000: Oral anaesthesia: Abu al-Qasim⁵⁸¹⁴⁴
• 1000: Cotton dressing: Abu al-Qasim¹⁴⁵
• c. 1000-1009: Monumental astrolabe: Ibn Yunus¹⁴⁶
• c. 1000-1020: Heliocentric astrolabe: Al-Sijzi¹⁴⁷
• c. 1000-1037: Thermometer: Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in Persia¹⁴⁸
• c. 1000-1037: Essential oil: Avicenna¹⁴⁹
• c. 1000-1048: Orthographical astrolabe: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī in Persia¹⁵⁰
• c. 1000-1048: Planisphere: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī¹⁵¹¹⁵⁰
• c. 1000-1048: Star chart: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī¹⁵¹
• c. 1000-1048: Laboratory flask: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī¹⁵²
• c. 1000-1048: Pycnometer: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī¹⁵²
• c. 1000-1048: Conical measure: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī¹⁵³
• c. 1000-1048: Geared mechanical lunisolar calendar analog computer: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī¹⁵⁴
• c. 1000-1048: Fixed-wired knowledge processing machine: Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī¹⁵⁵
• 1020: Mechanical astrolabe: Ibn Samh in Al-Andalus¹⁵⁶
• 1021: Magnifying glass: Ibn al-Haytham¹⁵⁷
• 1021: Curved mirror: Ibn al-Haytham¹⁵⁸]¹⁵⁹
• 1021: Pinhole camera: Ibn al-Haytham¹⁶⁰
• 1021: Camera obscura: Ibn al-Haytham¹⁶⁰
• 1025: Cancer therapy: Avicenna¹⁴⁵¹⁶¹
• 1025: Hirudotherapy: Avicenna¹⁶²
• 1025: Medicinal leech: Avicenna¹⁶²
• 1025: Calcium channel blocker: Avicenna¹⁶³
• 1025: Pharmacopoeia: Avicenna¹⁶⁴¹⁶⁵
• 1028-1087: Equatorium: Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel) in Al-Andalus¹⁶⁶
• 1028-1087: Universal astrolabe: Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī
• 1031-1095: Raised-relief map: Shen Kuo¹⁶⁷¹⁶⁸
• 1038-1075: Flywheel: Ibn Bassal in Al-Andalus¹⁶⁹
• 1041: Movable type printing press: Bi Sheng in China
• 1044: Hand grenade: Zhen Tian Lei in China
• 1087: Almanac: Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī¹⁷⁰
• 1088: Mechanical clock: Su Song
• 1088: Clock tower: Su Song
• 1088: Magnetic compass: Shen Kuo in China
• 1090: Belt drive: Qin Guan in in China
• 1090: Chain drive in China
• 1092: Astronomical clock: Su Song
• 1094: Printed star chart: Su Song
• Coke fuel in China
• Complex gearing: Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi in Al-Andalus⁸⁷
• Epicyclic gearing: Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi in Al-Andalus⁸⁷
• Segmental gearing: Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi in Al-Andalus⁸⁷
• Geared mechanical clock: Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi in Al-Andalus⁸⁷
• Weight-driven mechanical clock: Arabic engineers⁸⁷
• Celestial globe: Arabic astronomers
• Clear glass mirror in Al-Andalus⁵⁸
• Cobwork in the Maghreb and Al-Andalus¹⁷¹

12th century

• c. 1100: Framed bead abacus in China
• 1100-1150: Torquetum: Jabir ibn Aflah (Geber)¹⁷²
• 1100-1161: Tracheotomy: Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) in Al-Andalus¹⁷³
• 1119: Watertight hull compartment: Zhu Yu in China
• 1121: Steelyard: Al-Khazini in