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The Great Books of the Western World is an attempt to present the western canon in a single package of 60 volumes

The Western canon is a term used to denote a canon of books, and, more widely, music and art, that has been the most influential in shaping Western culture. It asserts a compendium of the "greatest works of artistic merit". Such a canon is important to the theory of educational perennialism and the development of "high culture". Although previously held in high regard, it has been the subject of increasing contention through the latter half of the 20th century. In practice, debates and attempts to actually define the Canon in lists are essentially restricted to books of various sorts: Literature, including Poetry, Fiction and Drama, autobiographical writings and Letters, Philosophy and History. A few accessible books on the Sciences are usually included.

Examples

Examples of shorter canonical lists (in which the selectors have attempted to list only the most important works) include:

• The Harvard Classics
• Great Books
• Great Books of the Western World

University reading lists are also good indicators of what is considered to be in the Western canon:

• Columbia College Core Curriculum
• St. John's College reading list
• Yale College Directed Studies curriculum
• Stanford University's Program in Structured Liberal Education curriculum
• Princeton University's Interdisciplinary Approaches to Western Culture
• University of Notre Dame's Program of Liberal Studies curriculum

Longer lists (in which the selectors have attempted to be more comprehensive):

• Loeb Classical Library (Greek and Latin authors)
• I Tatti Renaissance Library (Renaissance authors)
• Everyman's Library (Modern works)
• Penguin Classics

Origins

The process of listmaking—defining the boundaries of the canon—is endless. One of the notable attempts in the English-speaking world was the Great Books of the Western World program. This program, developed in the middle third of the 20th century, grew out of the curriculum at the University of Chicago. University president Robert Hutchins and his collaborator Mortimer Adler developed a program that offered reading lists, books, and organizational strategies for reading clubs to the general public.

An earlier attempt, the Harvard Classics (1909) was promulgated by Harvard University president Charles W. Eliot, whose thesis was the same as Carlyle's:

... The greatest university of all is a collection of books. - Thomas Carlyle

Debate

There has been an ongoing, intensely political debate over the nature and status of the canon since at least the 1960s. In the USA, in particular, it has been attacked as a compendium of books written mainly by "dead white European males", that thus do not represent the viewpoints of many others in contemporary societies around the world. Others, notably Allan Bloom in his 1987 book The Closing of the American Mind, have disagreed strongly. Authors such as Yale Professor of Humanities Harold Bloom (no relation to Allan) have also argued strongly in favor of the canon, and in general the canon remains as a represented idea in most institutions, though its implications continue to be debated heavily.

Defenders maintain that those who undermine the canon do so out of primarily political interests, and that the measure of quality represented by the works of the canon is of an aesthetic rather than political nature. Thus, any political objections aimed at the canon are ultimately irrelevant.

One of the main objections to a canon of literature is the question of authority—who should have the power to determine what works are worth reading and teaching?

Works

Works which are commonly included in the canon include works of fiction such as some epic poems, poetry, music, drama, novels, and other assorted forms of literature from the many diverse Western (and more recently non-Western) cultures. Many non-fiction works are also listed, primarily from the areas of religion, mythology, science, philosophy, economics, politics, and history.

Works which directly address the canon (both for and against):

• The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages by Harold Bloom (ISBN 978-1573225144)
• Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human by Harold Bloom (ISBN 978-1573227513)
• The Dead Father by Donald Barthelme (ISBN 978-0374529253)
• The History of Western Literature by Otto Maria Carpeaux (eight volumes, only available in Portuguese)
• Debating the Canon: A Reader from Addison to Nafisi by Lee Morrissey (ISBN 978-1403968203)

See also

• Canons of Elizabethan poetry
• Great Conversation
• History
• Literature
• University
• Relativism
• Stringfellow Barr
• Scott Buchanan
• Harold Bloom
• Modern Library 100 Best Novels

External links

• "Great Books Lists: Lists of Classics, Eastern and Western"
• "Harold Bloom's canon"
• All That You Know Not to Be Is Utterly Real, Part I by Curtis White
• "Great Ideas" Website
• A "Great Books" Website
• Western Canon Great Books University
• Columbia College Core Curriculum
• The World's Greatest Books page at Project Gutenberg of Australia

Notes and references

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Wikipedia content modification information:

• This page was last modified on 30 November 2008, at 02:05.

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