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In logic, three kinds of logical reasoning can be distinguished: deduction, induction and abduction. Given a precondition, a conclusion, and a rule that the precondition implies the conclusion, they can be explained in the following way:
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- Deduction means determining the conclusion. It is using the rule and its precondition to make a conclusion. Example: "When it rains, the grass gets wet. It rains. Thus, the grass is wet." Mathematicians are commonly associated with this style of reasoning.
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- Induction means determining the rule. It is learning the rule after numerous examples of the conclusion following the precondition. Example: "The grass has been wet every time it has rained. Thus, when it rains, the grass gets wet." Scientists are commonly associated with this style of reasoning.
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- Abduction means determining the precondition. It is using the conclusion and the rule to support that the precondition could explain the conclusion. Example: "When it rains, the grass gets wet. The grass is wet, it must have rained." Diagnosticians and detectives are commonly associated with this style of reasoning.
See also
- Logic
- Logical fallacy
- Logical argument
- Inference
- Reason
- Reasoning
- Deductive reasoning
- Inductive reasoning
- Abductive reasoning
- Defeasible reasoning
- Analogy
- Metaphor
References
T. Menzies. Applications of Abduction: Knowledge-Level Modeling. November 1996.
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 16 November 2008, at 19:16.
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