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The New Guinea campaign (1942–45) was one of the major military campaigns of World War II. The island of New Guinea was split between the Australian League of Nations Mandate Territory of New Guinea (the north-eastern part of the island of New Guinea and surrounding islands), the Territory of Papua (the south-eastern part of the island of New Guinea, an Australian colony), and Dutch New Guinea. It was strategically important because it was a major landmass to the immediate north of Australia. Its large land area provided locations for large land, air and naval bases.
Fighting between Allied and Japanese forces commenced with the Japanese assault on Rabaul on January 23, 1942. Rabaul became the forward base for the Japanese campaigns in mainland New Guinea, including the pivotal Kokoda Track campaign of July 1942–January 1943, and the Battle of Buna-Gona. Fighting in some parts of New Guinea continued until the war ended in August 1945.
General Douglas MacArthur as Supreme Commander, South West Pacific Area, led the Allied forces. MacArthur was based in Melbourne, Brisbane and Manila. The Imperial Japanese Army's 8th Area Army, under General Hitoshi Imamura, was responsible for both the New Guinea and Solomon Islands campaigns. Imamura was based at Rabaul. The Japanese 18th Army, under Lieutenant General Hatazō Adachi, was responsible for Japanese operations on mainland New Guinea.
Contents |
Major battles and sub-campaigns
- Operation Mo (1942)
- Battle of the Coral Sea (1942)
- Kokoda Track campaign (1942)
- Battle of Milne Bay (1942)
- Battle of Buna-Gona (1942-43)
- Battle of Wau (1943)
- Battle of the Bismarck Sea (1943)
- Operation Cartwheel (1943)
- Salamaua-Lae campaign (1943)
- Bombing of Wewak
- Finisterre Range campaign (1943-44; including a series of actions known as the Battle of Shaggy Ridge)
- Huon Peninsula campaign (1943-44)
- Bougainville campaign (1943-45)
- New Britain campaign (1943-45)
- Admiralty Islands campaign (1944)
- Western New Guinea campaign (1944-45)
References
Books
- Dexter, David (1961). Volume VI – The New Guinea Offensives. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial, http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/chapter.asp?volume=22. Retrieved on 16 December 2006.
- Drea, Edward J. (1998). In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1708-0.
- Gailey, Harry A. (2004). MacArthur's Victory: The War In New Guinea 1943-1944. New York: Random House. ISBN.
- McCarthy, Dudley (1959). Volume V – South–West Pacific Area – First Year: Kokoda to Wau. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial, http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/chapter.asp?volume=21. Retrieved on 16 December 2006.
- Taafe, Stephen R. (2006). MacArthur's Jungle War: The 1944 New Guinea Campaign. Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A.: University Press Of Kansas. ISBN 0700608702.
- Zaloga, Steven J. Japanese Tanks 1939-45. Osprey, 2007. ISBN 978-1-84603-091-8.
Web
- Nelson, Hank. "Report on Historical Sources on Australia and Japan at war in Papua and New Guinea, 1942-45". Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
- United States Army Center of Military History. "The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific, Volume I". Reports of General MacArthur. Retrieved on 2006-12-08.
- United States Army Center of Military History. "Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, Volume II - Part I". Reports of General MacArthur. Retrieved on 2006-12-08. Translation of the official record by the Japanese Demobilization Bureaux detailing the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy's participation in the Southwest Pacific area of the Pacific War.
- National Archive Video of Hollandia Bay, New Guinea Invasion VIEW ONLINE
Further reading
- Hungerford, T.A.G. (1952). The Ridge and the River. Sydney: Angus & Roberston. Republished by Penguin, 1992; ISBN 0-143-00174-4.
- Fitzsimons, Peter (2005). Kokoda. Melbourne: Hodder Headline Australia; ISBN 0-733-61962-2.
Notes
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 9 November 2008, at 05:46.
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