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The Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum (大勲位菊花章 daikun'i kikkashō, literally Grand Order of the Badge of the Chrysanthemums) is Japan's highest order. The Grand Cordon of the Order was established in 1876 by Emperor Meiji of Japan; the collar of the Order was added on January 4, 1888. Although technically the order has only one class, it can either be awarded with collar (or chain), or with grand cordon (or sash). Unlike its European counterparts, the order may be conferred posthumously.
The collar of the order is awarded only posthumously, except for the reigning emperor, who automatically holds the rank. Exceptions are made for foreign heads of state, who can be awarded the collar as a sign of friendship.
The grand cordon is the highest possible honor a Japanese citizen could be awarded during his lifetime. Aside from the imperial household, only three grand cordons have been awarded to living citizens and eleven to the deceased.
The badge of the order is a four-pointed gilt badge with white enameled rays; the center bears a red enameled sun disc. On each of the four corners of the badge there is a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum blossom with green enameled chrysanthemum leaves. The badge is suspended on a yellow-enameled chrysanthemum, either on the collar or on the grand cordon.
The star of the order is similar to the badge, but in silver, without the chrysanthemum suspension, and with an eight-pointed gilt medallion (with white enameled rays and red enameled sun disc) placed at the center. It is worn on the left chest.
The grand cordon of the order is red with dark blue border stripes. It is worn on the right shoulder.
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Selected recipients
Collar
- Emperor Akihito of Japan
- Queen Elizabeth II 19711
- King Harald V of Norway
- King Carl XVI Gustav of Sweden
- King Mohammed VI of Morocco 2005 (promoted from Grand Cordon-1987)
- King Abdullah II of Jordan 1999
- Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin of Malaysia 2005
- Sultan Azlan Shah of Malaysia 1991
- Sultan Abdul Halim of Malaysia 1970
- Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei 1984
- Sultan Qaboos of Oman
- Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan 1987
- Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia 1968.2
- Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani of Qatar 1984
- King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand
- King Juan Carlos I of Spain
Grand Cordon (Imperial family)
- Emperor Akihito
- Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
- Prince Akishino
- Prince Hitachi
- Prince Mikasa
- Prince Tomohito of Mikasa
- Prince Katsura
Grand Cordon
- Former Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone
- Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh3
- Charles, Prince of Wales, 1971.4
- Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden5
- President Toomas Hendrik Ilves of Estonia 6
- President Valdas Adamkus of Lithuania 7
- Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland.8
- Former President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga of Latvia
- Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark9
- Prince Joachim of Denmark10
- President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo of the Philippines
Collar (deceased)
- Emperor Meiji (1852-1912).
- Emperor Taisho (1879-1926).
- Emperor Showa (1901-1989).
- The Guangxu Emperor (1872-1908)
- Emperor Kojong of Korea (1852-1919)
- Emperor Sunjong of Korea (1874-1926)
- Tuanku Syed Putra (1920-2000)
- Haile Selassie I (1892-1974)
- Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (1906-1979)
- Alfonso XIII of Spain (1886-1941).11
- Prince Kan'in Kotohito (1865-1945).
- Birendra of Nepal (1945-2001).
- Mahendra of Nepal (1920-1972)
- Muhammad Zahir Shah (1914-2007).12
- Fuad I (1868-1936)
- Faruk I (1920-1965)
- Hussein I (1935-1999)
- Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (1926-2006)
- Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (1919-1980)
Grand Cordon (deceased)
- Dipendra of Nepal (1971-2001)
- Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969).13
- Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900-1974).14
- Nobusuke Kishi (1896–1987).15
- Benito Mussolini (1883-1945).16
- Álvaro Obregón (1880-1928).17
- Keizo Obuchi (1937-2000).18
- Prajadhipok of Siam (1893-1941).19
- Puyi of Imperial China and Manchukuo (1906-1967)
- Ronald Reagan (1911-2004).20
- Samuel Robinson, RNR (1870-1958).21
- Sanjō Sanetomi (1837-1891).22
- Amha Selassie I (1916-1997)
- Norodom Suramarit, King of Cambodia (1896-1960)
- Noboru Takeshita (1924-2000)
- Morohashi Tetsuji (1993)-1982).23
- Togo Heihachiro (1848-1934).24
- Prince Imperial Ui of Korea (1877-1955)
- Vong Savang of Laos (1931-198?)
- Yamamoto Isoroku (1884-1943).25
- Yi Un of Korea (1897-1970)
References
- ^ Hamilton, Alan. "Palace small talk problem solved: royal guest is a goby fish fanatic," The Times (London). May 30, 2007.]
- ^ Promoted from Grand Cordon awarded in 1955.
- ^ Order awarded 5 Oct. 1971:Regiments: British, Empire, Commonwealth
- ^ Order awarded 5 Oct. 1971:Regiments: British, Empire, Commonwealth
- ^ ViewImages.com
- ^ http://www.estonia.com.au/pics/er_21.pdf
- ^ President of the Republic of Lithuania - Biography
- ^ Polish presidential web page
- ^ Danish Crown Prince website
- ^ Jewelry
- ^ Honor awarded 1930 -- "Japan to Decorate King Alfonso Today; Emperor's Brother Nears Madrid With Collar of the Chrysanthemum for Spanish King." New York Times, November 3, 1930.
- ^ Decoration probably conferred during 1969 State Visit to Japan -- no specific citation support.
- ^ Honor awarded 1954 -- Weisman, Stephen. "Reagan Given Top Award by Japanese," New York Times. October 24, 1989.
- ^ Honor awarded 1929 -- "Imperial Garter," Time Magazine, May 13, 1929.
- ^ "The Orphan of Asia," Time Magazine, July 20, 1959.
- ^ Honor awarded in 1938 -- "Flower to Mussolini," Time Magazine, September 5, 1938.
- ^ Honor awarded in 1024 -- "Japan Decorates Obregon; Order of the Chrysanthemum is Conferred by Special Ambassador," New York Times, November 28, 1924.
- ^ MOFA, speeches at Memorial Service
- ^ Honor awarded 1931 -- Mighty Monarch," Time Magazine, April 20, 1931.
- ^ Honor awarded 1989 -- Weisman, Stephen. "Reagan Given Top Award by Japanese," New York Times. October 24, 1989.
- ^ Vancouver Maritime Museum
- ^ Honor awarded 1882.
- ^ Honor awarded 1957 -- Sanjo municipal web site
- ^ Honor awarded in 1926 -- "Sea Noon," Time Magazine, November 8, 1926; "Profound Alarm," Time Magazine, July 6, 1931.
- ^ Honor awarded posthumously.
- Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. ISBN 1-8909-7409-9
External links
- Japan, Cabinet Office: Decorations and Medals
- Decoration Bureau: Order of the Chrysanthemum
- Japan Mint: Production Process
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Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 18 November 2008, at 23:13.
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