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parvalbumin
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | PVALB |
| Entrez | 5816 |
| HUGO | 9704 |
| OMIM | 168890 |
| RefSeq | NM_002854 |
| UniProt | P20472 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 22 q12-q13.1 |
Parvalbumin is a calcium binding albumin protein.
It has three EF hand motifs and is structurally related to calmodulin and troponin C. Parvalbumin is localised in fast-contracting muscles, where its levels are highest, and in the brain and some endocrine tissues.
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Neuronal role of parvalbumin
Parvalbumin is present in GABAergic interneurons in the nervous system, predominantly expressed by chandelier and basket cells in the cortex. In the hippocampus, PV+ interneurons are subdivided into basket, axo-axonic, bistratified, and oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) cells, each subtype targeting distinct domains of pyramidal cells.1 Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons' connections are mostly perisomatic (around the cell body of neurons). Most of the PV interneurons are fast-spiking. They are also thought to give rise to gamma waves recorded in EEG.
PV-expressing interneurons represent approximately 25% of GABA cells in the primate DLPFC.23 Other calcium-binding protein markers are calretinin (most abundant subtype in DLPFC, about 50%) and calbindin. Interneurons are also divided into subgroups by the expression of neuropeptides (somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin).
Role in pathology
Decreased PV and GAD67 expression was found in PV+ GABAergic interneurons in schizophrenia.4
PV has been identified as an allergen causing seafood allergy.5
References
- ^ Klausberger T, Marton LF, O'Neill J, Huck JH, Dalezios Y, Fuentealba P, Suen WY, Papp E, Kaneko T, Watanabe M, Csicsvari J, Somogyi P (2005). "Complementary roles of cholecystokinin- and parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons in hippocampal network oscillations". J. Neurosci. 25 (42): 9782–93. doi:. PMID 16237182.free full text
- ^ Condé F, Lund JS, Jacobowitz DM, Baimbridge KG, Lewis DA (1994). "Local circuit neurons immunoreactive for calretinin, calbindin D-28k or parvalbumin in monkey prefrontal cortex: distribution and morphology". J. Comp. Neurol. 341 (1): 95–116. doi:. PMID 8006226.
- ^ Gabbott PL, Bacon SJ (1996). "Local circuit neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (areas 24a,b,c, 25 and 32) in the monkey: II. Quantitative areal and laminar distributions". J. Comp. Neurol. 364 (4): 609–36. doi:. PMID 8821450.
- ^ Hashimoto T, Volk DW, Eggan SM, Mirnics K, Pierri JN, Sun Z, Sampson AR, Lewis DA (2003). "Gene expression deficits in a subclass of GABA neurons in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia". J. Neurosci. 23 (15): 6315–26. PMID 12867516. free full text
- ^ Swoboda I, Bugajska-Schretter A, Verdino P, Keller W, Sperr WR, Valent P, Valenta R, Spitzauer S (2002). "Recombinant carp parvalbumin, the major cross-reactive fish allergen: a tool for diagnosis and therapy of fish allergy". J. Immunol. 168 (9): 4576–84. PMID 11971005.
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- This page was last modified on 7 June 2008, at 15:10.
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