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Spätzle ['ʃpɛtslə] (also Spätzli in Northern Germany; Knöpfle or Knödel in Southern Germany and Austria; and Knöpfli in Switzerland), are a type of egg noodles and small dumplings found in the cuisine of Germany and regions of neighboring Austria, Switzerland, Hungary called csipetke, nokedli, galuska, (Spaetzle or Little Dumplings),1 in France (Alsace), and in the Province of Bolzano-Bozen.
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History
The geographic origin of spätzle is not precisely known; various regions claim to be the originators of the noodle. Written mention of Spätzle has been found in documents dating from 1725, although medieval illustrations are believed to place this noodle at an even earlier date.2 Noodles more generally have a history extending back 4000 years (see Noodle and Pasta).
Today, in Europe spätzle are largely considered a "Swabian speciality"3 and are generally associated with the German states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The leading German producer is Herrman, which produces approximately 13,000 tons per year.4 The estimated annual commercial production of spätzle in Germany is approximately 40,000 tons, which does not include spätzle made by individual households.citation needed Premade spätzle are also available internationally from companies such as Maggi, a division of Nestlé.5
Etymology
The linguistic origin of Spätzle is debated, whether the name is of German or Italian origin, while the modern term with umlaut “ä” and Swabian diminutive “-le” is distinctly German. Two prevalent theories are as follows:
- 'German origin 1: the name is derived from spät (meaning late), referring to the fact that these noodles, unlike most, are made quickly in small batches and just before serving.
- 'German origin 2:6 Before the invention and use of mechanical devices to make these noodles, they were shaped by hand or with a spoon and the results resembled Spatzen (meaning little sparrows, sparrow is Haus-Spatz or Sperling in German).
This theory may reflect that traditional Spätzle are never shaped.
- Italian origin:6 the name is Germanized by the Swabians from the Italian verb spazzare (meaning to break or split) or noun pezzo (meaning slice), referring to how the dough may be formed into noodles.
In Spätzle, the -le suffix makes the word a diminutive, hence "little slices", "little sparrows", and "little late ones".
Preparation
Spätzle dough typically consists of few ingredients, principally eggs, flour, and salt. Often, water is added to produce a thinner dough. One traditional method of determining the correct proportions of ingredients is to use as many eggs as there will be people served, plus one egg. To the eggs an equal volume of water or milk is added. Then gradually enough flour is added to reach the desired consistency. This varies from a very soft, sticky dough to a very thick batter.
In addition to salt, spices such as nutmeg, dill, or caraway may be used, depending on what foods the spätzle will accompany.7 For certain specialty dishes, the dough may be enriched with minced pork liver, spinach, or finely grated cheese. Small liver dumplings are frequent additions to soup. In Austrian cuisine, "Speckknödel" (with chopped bacon as ingredient) are added to soup. The consistency of the dough and the method used to form the pasta affects the resulting shape; common variants are button shaped Spätzle (small Knöpfle) and elongated, more noodle-like Spätzle. Handmade Spätzle is formed by scraping strips of dough from a cutting board or by pushing the dough through a mechanical device. Whichever method is used, the noodles are formed directly over a large pot of boiling water (usually) or broth, into which they drop. After boiling gently for about three minutes, the noodles rise to the surface, are drained and served immediately. Several types of special purpose spätzle maker are available, that resemble a strainer, (or colander), a potato ricer, a food mill or coarse grater. Common Spätzle shapes are long thin noodles, thick small dumpling with an elongated shape and small oval or round dumplings (knöpfle, which means buttons). All are more or less irregular. (Commercially made noodles marketed as spätzle may bear little resemblance to handmade spätzle, being more or less regular in shape, and dried.)
Spätzle dishes
Spätzle typically accompany meat dishes prepared with an abundant sauce or gravy, such as rouladen. In Hungary spätzle often are used in soup. Spätzle also are used as a primary ingredient in dishes including:
- Linsen, Spätzle und Saitenwürstle: Spätzle with lentils and fine-skinned, frankfurter-style sausages
- Käsespätzle: Spätzle mixed with grated cheese (typically Emmenthaler) and fried onion
- Gaisburger Marsch: Traditional Swabian beef stew
- Krautspätzle: Spätzle mixed with Sauerkraut, onion, butter and spices such as marjoram and/or caraway
- Kirschspätzle: Spätzle mixed with fresh cherries, dressed with butter, sugar and cinnamon and/or nutmeg. In Allgäu, this is served as a one-dish supper in late summer.
- Apfelspätzle: Spätzle with grated apples in the dough, dressed with butter, sugar, and cinnamon. In Allgäu, this is served as a one-dish supper in autumn.
See also
- Big potato based dumplings with filling, Klöße
References
- ^ June Meyers Authentic Hungarian Heirloon Recipes Cookbook
- ^ German Embassy London - Spätzle
- ^ Spezialitäten aus Baden-Württemberg (German)
- ^ Spaetzle.de - Allerei rund um Spätzle - Wissenswertes (German)
- ^ Maggi USA - European
- ^ a b Food from Bavaria - Typical Regional Specialty (Käsespätzle)
- ^ Basic-Recipes.com - Spätzle
External links
- Swiss Apple Pasta - article in English about Swiss dessert spätzle with step-by-step pictures
- Detailed instruction how to cook Spätzle
- Instructions and video on how to cook Käsespätzle
- Recipe for Spaetzle (using American-style measurements—many photos)
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 15 November 2008, at 20:20.
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