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| Tupian language | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
Bolivia, Paraguay |
| Genetic classification: |
Je-Tupi-Carib? Tupian language |
| Subdivisions: |
Arikem
Awetï
Mawé-Sateré
Mondé
Mundurukú
Puruborá
Ramarama
Tuparí
Tupi-Guarani
Yuruna
|
| ISO 639-2: | tup |
The Tupi or Tupian language family comprises some 70 languages spoken in South America, of which the best known are Tupi proper and Guarani.
Contents |
History, members, and classification
When the Portuguese arrived in Brazil, they found that wherever they went along the vast coast of this newly discovered land, most natives spoke similar languages. Jesuit missionaries took advantage of these similarities, systematizing common standards then named línguas gerais "general languages", which were spoken in that region until the 19th century. The best known and most widely spoken of these languages was Old Tupi, a modern descendent of which is still used today by Indians around the Rio Negro region, where it is known as Nheengatu ([ɲɛʔẽŋaˈtu]), or the "fine language". However, the Tupi family comprises also other languages.
In the neighbouring Spanish colonies, Guarani, another Tupian language closely related to Old Tupi, had a similar history, but managed to resist the spread of Spanish more successfully than Tupi resisted Portuguese. Today, Guarani has 7 million speakers, and is one of the official languages of Paraguay and Bolivia.
The Tupian family includes also several other languages with fewer speakers. These share irregular morphology with the Ge and Carib families, and Ribeiro connects them all as a Je-Tupi-Carib family.
- Tupi-Guarani (50 languages: Tupinambá [extinct], Guaraní [7 million speakers], etc.)
- Arikem
- Awetï
- Mawé [9000 speakers]
- Mondé (6 languages)
- Munduruku (2 languages)
- Puruborá
- Ramarama (Rôndonia) (2 languages)
- Tuparí (4 languages)
- Yurúna (2 languages)
List of Tupian languages
The largest subgroup within the Tupi language family is Tupi-Guarani, which should not be confused with Tupi or Guarani themselves. Members of this subfamily are:
Other members of the Tupi language family include:
See also
- Category:Tupian languages
- Lingua Geral
- List of Spanish words of Indigenous American Indian origin
- Indigenous languages of the Americas
- Languages of Brazil
- Apapocuva
External links
Bibliography
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Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 6 October 2008, at 21:38.
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