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The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 — an increase of 35.4 percent over the 23,191,876 persons enumerated during the 1850 Census. The total population included 3,953,760 slaves.
By the time the 1860 census returns were ready for tabulation, the nation was sinking into the American Civil War. As a result, Census Superintendent Joseph C. G. Kennedy and his staff produced only an abbreviated set of reports, which included no graphic or cartographic representations. This new round of statistics did allow the Census staff to produce a cartographic display, including preparing maps of Southern states for Union field commanders. These maps displayed militarily vital topics, including white population, slave population, predominant agricultural products (by county), and rail and post-road transportation routes.
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Census Questions
The 1860 census collected the following information1:
- name
- address
- age
- sex
- color (white, black or mulatto) for each person
- whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane or idiotic
- value of real estate and of personal estate owned (required of all free persons)
- profession, occupation or trade of each male and female over 15 years of age
- place (state, territory or country) of birth
- whether married within the year
- whether attended school within the year
- whether unable to read and write (for persons over 20)
- whether a pauper or convict
Notes
- ^ "Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790-1925" p. 44 (p. 50 of PDF). New York State Library (October 1981).
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