Urum language

Urum
Урум
Pronunciation
Spoken in Ukraine, Greece
Total speakers 192,729[1]
Language family Altaic[2] (controversial)
Writing system Cyrillic alphabet, Greek alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-1 None
ISO 639-2 –
ISO 639-3 uum
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in diaspora communities worldwide. Urum language are often considered variants of Crimean Tatar language.

The name Urum is derived from Rûm ("Rome"), the term for the Byzantine empire in the Muslim world. The Ottoman Empire used it to describe non-Muslims within the empire. The initial vowel in Urum is prosthetic: originally Turkic languages did not have r- in word-initial position, and in borrowed words used to add a vowel before it. The common use of the term Urum appears to have led to some confusion, as most Turkish-speaking Greeks were called Urum. The Turkish-speaking population in Georgia is often confused with the distinct community in the Ukraine.[3][4] (see: Urums)


Contents

Sounds

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
  Labial Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive    
Affricate         ¹              
Fricative ²      
Nasal                
Flap/Tap                        
Lateral                        
Approximant                        

(1) is found only in loanwords.

(2) and are found only in loanwords from Greek.

Writing System

A few manuscripts are known to be written in Urum using Greek characters.[5] During the period between 1927 and 1937, the Urum language was written in reformed Latin characters, the New Turkic Alphabet, and used in local schools; at least one primer is known to have been printed. In 1937 the use of written Urum stopped. Alexander Garkavets uses the following alphabet:[6]


А а Б б В в Г г Ғ ғ Д д (Δ δ) Д′ д′
(Ђ ђ) Е е Ж ж Җ җ З з И и Й й К к
Л л М м Н н Ң ң О о Ӧ ӧ П п Р р
С с Т т Т′ т′ (Ћ ћ) У у Ӱ ӱ Υ υ Ф ф
Х х Һ һ Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы
Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я Θ θ

Publications

Very little has been published on the Urum language. There exists a very small lexicon[7], and a small description of the language[8].

References

  1. ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=uum
  2. ^ "Ethnologue"
  3. ^ Казаков, Алексей (12 2000). "Понтийские греки" (in Russian). http://www.publish.diaspora.ru/magazin/articles/russia026_1.shtml. 
  4. ^ Gordon, Raymond G. (ed.) (2005). "Ethnologue Report for Urum". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. SIL International. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=uum. 
  5. ^ "Urum". Language Museum. http://www.language-museum.com/u/urum.php. 
  6. ^ Гаркавець, Олександр (2000) (in Ukrainian, Urum) (pdf, html). Урумський словник. p. 632. http://www.unesco.kz/qypchaq/Urum_Dictionary.htm. 
  7. ^ Podolsky, Baruch (1985). A Tatar - English Glossary. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-00299-9. 
  8. ^ Podolsky, Baruch (1986). "Notes on the Urum Language". Mediterranean Language Review 2: 99–112. 

Open source encyclopedia content modification information:

This page was last modified on 8 February 2010 at 06:02.

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