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| Chlorocebus pygerythrus Linnaeus, 1758 |
The Vervet Monkey, sometimes simply known as the Vervet, is the common name of the species Chlorocebus pygerythrus, an Old World monkey in the family Cercopithecidae. (The common term "vervet" is also sometimes used to refer to all the members of the genus Chlorocebus.)
The Vervet Monkey ranges throughout much of Southern and East Africa, being found from Ethiopia and Somalia south to South Africa. It is not found west of the Great Rift Valley or Luangwa River,1 where replaced by the closely related Malbrouck (C. cynosuros). The two have often been considered conspecific, or considered subspecies of a widespread C. aethiops.2 The Vervet Monkey inhabits savanna lands and mountains up to 4,000 m (13,100 ft).
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Description
Males vary in size from 45 to 85 cm (18-34 in), and weigh between 3.5 to 7.5 kg (7.5-16.5 lb), while females, range from 40 to 60 cm (16-24 in) in size and between 2.5 to 5.5 kg (5.5-12 lb) in weight. Both have tail lengths that can vary from 50 to 115 cm. The pigmentation of the male Vervet Monkey's scrotum is a vivid blue that pales when the animal falls in social rank. The hydration of the scrotal skin controls its color.3
Behavior
The Vervet Monkey is mainly frugivorous, but it also supplements its diet with a variety of other foods, including leaves, seeds, insects and small rodents. It has been known to destroy crops in Kenya,4 and was classified as a vermin in South Africa, allowing it to be shot without previously obtaining a permit, up until 2003.5
It commonly lives in groups or "troops" of 20 or more, however the size of the group is often smaller than 20. Its gestation period is 7 months with a single offspring produced and is known to have a life span of up to 20 years.
One interesting phenomenon about the Vervet Monkey is that it seems to possess what has been called the "rudiments of language".citation needed Vervet Monkey alarm calls vary greatly depending on the different types of threats to the community. There are distinct calls to warn of invading leopards, snakes, and eagles. In doing so they attract attention to themselves, increasing their personal chance of being attacked, this has been noted as altruistic behaviour.6
Classification
There are five distinct subspecies of Vervet Monkeys:
- Chlorocebus pygerythrus hilgerti
- Chlorocebus pygerythrus excubitor
- Chlorocebus pygerythrus nesiotes
- Chlorocebus pygerythrus rufoviridis
- Chlorocebus pygerythrus pygerythrus
Protection
Although non-human primates in South Africa are listed on C.I.T.E.S Appendix 27, as a species that could become threatened if populations are not monitored, these species are not monitored and their true status remains unknown.
In ancient history
This species was known in ancient Egypt including the Red Sea Mountains and the Nile Valley.8 From fresco artworks found in Akrotiri on the Mediterranean island of Santorini there is evidence that the Vervet Monkey was known to the inhabitants of this settlement around 2000 BC; this fact is most noted for evidence of early contact between Egypt and Akrotiri.9
References
- ^ a b Groves, C. (2005-11-16). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds). ed.. Mammal Species of the World (3rd edition ed.), Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 159. ISBN 0-801-88221-4, http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100508.
- ^ Kingdon, J. (1997). The Kingdon Guide to African Mammals, Academic Press Limited, London. ISBN 0-12-408355-2.
- ^ Price, J.S., Burton, J.L., Shuster, S. & Wolff, K. (1976). "Control of scrotal colour in the vervet monkey". J Med Primatol. 5 (5): 296–304, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=828671&dopt=Citation.
- ^ Njeri, J. (2007-08-24). "Monkey misery for Kenyan women villagers". BBC. Retrieved on 2008-07-13.
- ^ Barrett, A. S. (2005). "Foraging behavior of the Vervet Monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) in mixed bushveld and sour lowveld bushveld of the Blydenberg Conservancy, Northern Province, South Africa" 141. Retrieved on 2008-07-12.
- ^ Cheney, D. L. & Seyfarth, R. M. (1990). How monkeys see the world: Inside the mind of another species, University of Chicago Press, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QbWTd85eHUgC.
- ^ http://www.cites.org/eng/app/E-Jul01.pdf
- ^ Moeyersons, J., Vermeersch, P. M., Beeckman, H. & Van Peer, P. (1999). "Holocene environmental changes in the Gebel Umm Hammad, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Dry cave deposits and their palaeoenvironmental significance during the last 115 ka, Sodmein Cave, Red Sea Mountains, Egypt". Geomorphology 26 (4): 297–312. doi:.
- ^ Michael Hogan, C. (2007-12-13). "Akrotiri". Modern Antiquarian. Retrieved on 2008-07-13.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chlorocebus pygerythrus |
- Vervet Monkey Foundation
- Vervet Monkey calls
- BBC story: Vervet Monkeys raid farms
- Darwin Primate Group
Wikipedia content modification information:
- This page was last modified on 15 November 2008, at 19:15.
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