Voiced velar fricative

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IPA – number 141
IPA – text ɣ
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity ɣ
X-SAMPA G
Kirshenbaum Q
Sound sample (help·info)

The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in various spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɣ (a variant of the Greek letter γ, gamma, which is used for this sound in Modern Greek), not to be confused with ɤ, the IPA symbol for a close-mid back unrounded vowel), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is G. The symbol ɣ is also sometimes used to represent the velar approximant, though that is more accurately written with the lowering diacritic: ɣ̞ or ɣ˕.

Contents

Features

Features of the voiced velar fricative:

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Alekano gamó [ɣɑmɤʔ] 'cucumber'
Angor ranihı [ɾɑniɣə] 'brother'
Angas γür [ɣyr] 'to pick up'
Arabic غرفة [ˈɣurfɐ] 'room' May be post-velar or uvular depending on dialect. See Arabic phonology
Asu [fiɣo] 'kidney'
Azerbaijani ağac [aɣad​ʒ] 'tree'
Catalan1 bolígraf boníssim [buˈliɣɾəv buˈnisim] 'excellent ballpoint' See Catalan phonology
Chechen гӀала/ġala [ɣa:la] 'town'
Dinka ɣo [ɣo] 'us'
Dutch gaan [ɣaːn] 'to go' See Dutch phonology
Georgian2 ღარიბი [ɣɑribi] 'poor' May actually be post-velar or uvular
Gujarati વાઘણ [ʋɑ̤̈ɣəɽ̃] 'tigress' See Gujarati phonology
Ghari cheghe [tʃeɣe] 'five'
Greek γάλα [ˈɣala] 'milk' See Modern Greek phonology
Gweno [ndeɣe] 'bird'
Gwich'in videeghàn [viteːɣân] 'his/her chest'
Hän dëgëghor [təkəɣor] 'I am playing.'
Irish dhorn [ɣoːɾˠn̪ˠ] 'fist' See Irish phonology
Iwaidja [mulaɣa] 'hermit crab'
Japanese3 はげ [haɣe] 'baldness' Especially in fast and/or casual speech. See Japanese phonology
Navajo ’aghá [ʔaɣa] 'best'
Ngwe Mmockngie dialect [nøɣə̀] 'sun'
Occitan Gascon digoc [diˈɣuk] 'said (3sg.)'
Pashto غاتر [ɣɑtər] 'mule'
Persian کاغذ [kɒɣæz] 'paper' See Persian phonology
Polish niechże [ɲeɣʐɛ] 'let,' 'suppose' See Polish phonology
Portuguese European4 agora [əˈɣorə] 'now' Allophone of /g/ in northern and central dialects.5 See Portuguese phonology
Some Brazilian dialects6 carro [ˈkaɣu] 'car' Rhotic consonant
Northern Qiang  ? [ɣnəʂ] 'February'
Romani Lithuanian γoines [ɣoines] 'good'
Sardinian Nuorese dialect súghere [ˡsuɣɛrɛ] 'to suck'
Sindhi غم [ɣəmʊ] 'sadness'
Swahili ghali [ɣali] 'expensive'
Tadaksahak  ? [zoɣ] 'war'
Tajik ғафс [ɣafs] 'thick'
Tiwi ngaga [ˈŋaɣa] 'we inclusive'
Turkish ağaç [aɣatʃ] 'tree' Certain dialects. See Turkish phonology
Tutchone Northern ihghú [ihɣǔ] 'tooth'
Southern ghra [ɣra] 'baby'
Vietnamese ghê [ɣe] 'to have a horror; terribly' See Vietnamese phonology

See also

References

  1. ^ Wheeler (2005:10)
  2. ^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:255)
  3. ^ Okada (1991:95)
  4. ^ Cruz-Ferreira (1995:92)
  5. ^ Mateus & d'Andrade (2000:11)
  6. ^ Barbosa & Albano (2004:228)

Bibliography

  • Barbosa, Plínio A. (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 227-232
  • Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), "European Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 25 (2): 90-94
  • Mateus, Maria Helena & Ernesto d'Andrade (2000), The Phonology of Portuguese, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-823581-X
  • Okada, Hideo (1991), "Japanese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 21 (2): 94-97
  • Shosted, Ryan K. & Chikovani Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255-264
  • Wheeler, Max W (2005), written at Oxford, The Phonology Of Catalan, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0199258147
v • d • e
Consonants
List · Table
Pulmonics Bila​bial Labio​d. Den​tal Alv. Post. Retro​fl. Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn. Epi​glot​t. Glot​tal Non-pulmonics and other symbols  • talk
Nasals m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ  Clicks  ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ
Plosives p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ  Impl.  ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Fricatives ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ  Eject.  pʼ tʼ kʼ qʼ sʼ
Approxim. ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ  Affr.  p̪͡f t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ
Trills ʙ r • ʀ • Other laterals  ɺ • ɫ
Flaps / taps ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ • • Co-art. fricatives  ɕ ʑ ɧ
Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ • • • Co-art. approxim.  ʍ w ɥ
Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Co-articulated stops  k͡p ɡ͡b ŋ͡m
This table contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
See also IPA · Vowels

Wikipedia content modification information:

  • This page was last modified on 28 November 2008, at 07:04.

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