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Xyloglucan is the main hemicellulose in the primary cell wall of dicotyledonous plants, and occurs in the cell walls of all vascular plants.1 Xyloglucan links cellulose microfibrils together.
Chemistry
Xyloglucan has a cellulosic semirigid backbone of β1→4-linked glucose residues that are substituted with a variety of 1-6 flexibly linked glycosidic sidechains. The most common sidechain is a single xylose residue, but longer sidechains that include the sugars galactose and fucose are also common.
Biosynthesis
Xyloglucan is synthesised in Golgi trans cisternae and in the trans Golgi network (TGN) and is transported to the cell membrane by vesicles, where it is expelled and adsorbs on nascent cellulosic microfibrils.2
References
- ^ SC Fry (1989) The Structure and Functions of Xyloglucan. Journal of Experimental Biology, 40, 1-11
- ^ Moore PJ and Staehelin LA (1988). "Immunogold localisation of the cell wall matrix polysaccharides rhamnogalacturonan-I and xyloglucan during cell expansion and cytokinesis in Trifolium pratense L. - Implications for sectretory pathways". Planta 174: 433–445. doi:.
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